Nothing Else Matters (Paul in Corinth)

In Paul’s encounter with the risen Jesus, this experience changed everything for him: His career, his obsession with destroying the early church, his position in the Sanhedrin and his ambition to move up within the ranks of all Jewish authority. Yet… once he met Jesus, nothing else mattered.

Paul is confronted by Sosthanes and forcefully expelled out from the synagogue. Paul teaches from a new venue and others want to know more.

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Acts 18:6-8; John 6:53-58, 6:66-69; Philippians 3:4-8

With their eyes fixed upon one another, Sosthanes’ nostrils flare and his brow lowers. He points to the door and says with a measured voice, “This is my final warning. Leave… now!”

Slightly bowing his head and raising his hands to gesture no offense, Paul takes a step back and retreats out from the room and into the cool, overcast day. 

Watching the small group exit, Crispus turns to stare at his two younger sons. He sighs, as he surveys the room of people that have been his people, his family. Feeling both lost and numb, he startles when he hears his name being bellowed.

“Crispus!” The voice yells out again. 

He turns to see an emotional yet determined Sosthanes looking back at him and pointing towards the door. He shakes his head in disbelief. Looking Sosthanes in the eyes, he utters, “My friend, you don’t want to do this!”

Sosthanes sharply responds. “A friend of a heretic is no friend of ours.

Crispus gathers his family to move towards the door, as the further confused congregation stares back at them. Walking by the men he had personally nurtured over the years, Crispus says, “Don’t destroy everything we’ve built here, guys. You’re better than this.”

“They aren’t the ones destroying this synagogue.” Sosthanes corrects. “You are! Now, get out!”

Seated alone in the courtyard in front of Titius’ home, Paul emptily stares out into the street. Lost in his thoughts, he gives curious attention to the chirping of birds in a nearby tree. He shivers, as he exhales to see the mist of his breath in the air.

“It’s cold.” A voice calls out.

Waken from his daydream, Paul turns to see Crispus staring back at him.

“What happened to you?” Paul asks. “Where’s your family?”

“It’s been quite a day.” Crispus responds. He looks to see the youngest of his children turn a corner onto a distant street, presumably following the others. “They headed home.” He says quietly. “I’ll catch up with them, as we figure out what to do next.” 

Paul stares back at him, letting a silence linger between them.

Suddenly overwhelmed by the moment of events, Crispus tries to keep himself steady. “Our lives… my family… I don’t get it.”

“I know.” Paul replies. “It’s the same everywhere I go. Leadership feels threatened, so they resort to self-preservation at all costs.”

“But to throw out my family.” Crispus despairs. “We’ve invested our entire lives into these people, and in one fell swoop… we’re gone. Because… because…” He stammers. “Because I listened to you.” Crispus begins to pace around the tiny courtyard. “I simply gave you a chance to speak because I…”

“Knew you were being told the truth.” Paul finishes. He looks over in the direction of the synagogue and shakes his head. “I share what I’ve seen. I share what others like me have experienced. They spent years with Jesus; whereas, I only had a key moment with him after he raised from the dead. In nearly every instance, the response of my kinsmen has been the same.”

“Nearly every instance?” Crispus asks.

Paul laughs. “Yes, nearly.” He says. “The leaders in Berea went right to Moses, Isaiah, Jeremiah, the psalmists and the other prophets. They scoured their writings and gave me a chance.”

“Anybody else?” Crispus says.

“Nope.” Paul responds. “Now… some were more hostile than others.”

Crispus chuckles at this. 

“But, why should I expect any less?” Paul asks.

“What do you mean?” Crispus asks with curiosity.

“My kinsmen were far more hostile to Jesus, than anything I’ve ever gone through.” Paul responds. “I’ve just been flogged or thrown in prison. They tortured and crucified him as a common thug. Why should it be any different for me?” He looks directly at Crispus and says.” Crispus, God came to rescue his own, and they turned around to destroy him. And… I was one of their greatest advocates.”

Crispus looks puzzled and says, “I don’t under…”

“Crispus.” Paul quietly shares, “I was Sanhedrin’s main guy who first set out to persecute the Jesus followers.”

“What?” Crispus asks. “You were…”

Paul interrupts. “I was Gamaliel’s protege who was chosen to arrest, torture, and in some cases even destroy, the Jesus followers.”

Crispus’ eyes grow wide. “I’ve heard of you. You’re… Saul of Tarsus.”

Paul looks down at the ground and responds. “Yes… and I have literally given up everything to follow Jesus. I have been forsaken by those in the Sanhedrin and throughout Judea. I have been labeled as their greatest enemy, and should I show my face again, they will seek to kill me. I have been belittled, mocked, tortured, and nearly killed because of my outspokenness about Messiah’s coming.” Paul looks steadily into the eyes of Crispus and asks, “Besides a direct confrontation from Jesus himself, what could possibly motivate me to do that?”

Not knowing how to respond, Crispus simply asks. “Okay… now what?”

Entering his office, a man announces to get Gallio’s attention. “My Liege!” He says.

Briefly looking up from a parchment, Gallio waves his clerk in. “Well, what do you know about this? Claudius has installed Didius as the governor of Britain.” He shakes his head in disbelief and says. “Grab a seat, Erastus.”

“Yes, my lord.” Erastus replies. “I heard the news.”

Gallio opines, as he looks back at the communique. “Britain, the final frontier. Nobody thought it could be conquered, and many have tried. And now? They’ve become domesticated. Even Caligula tried to attack, but he seemed to be more impressed by the sea shells. Did you know that when his army failed to take Britain, he had them collect thousands of them off of the beaches in northern France? They had to fill their helmets and tunics with them, never mind lugging their heavy equipment back home. Madman. But then again, that was Caligula. No wonder why he was hacked into pieces.”

“I heard he tried to kill your brother.” Erastus replies. 

Gallio laughs. “More or less, yes. Caligula was so offended at Seneca’s negative portrayal of him, that he ordered Seneca to commit suicide.”

“What happened?” Erastus asks. 

“Well… Seneca was already sick at the time.” Gallio responds. “Caligula’s advisors said it was likely that Seneca would die shortly anyway, so leave him alone to die in peace. Caligula relented, and… well, let’s just say that Seneca is still alive. And what of Caligula?

Erastus smiles at the phrasing. 

“What can I do for you?” Gallio asks.

Suddenly realizing his place, Erastus quickly stands to attention and reports. “My lord, just as a matter of interest right now, but I’m hearing complaints of skirmishes among the Jews.”

“Oh?” Gallio asks while continuing to focus on the parchment.

“Yes, my lord.” Erastus confirms. “Some of their own are causing quite a stir. I do not know much of the details, but some of them seem to be a bit ill tempered.

Gallio gives a brief wave of his hand, and says. “Thank you. Just keep me apprised. Anything else?”

Somebody knocks. Titius walks over to the door and creeks it open. Those seated at a nearby table can only slightly hear the muffled voice on the other side of the door. 

Titius then responds: “Wait. Give me just a moment.” He turns to Paul, Silas, Timothy and Aquila who sit at the table and says, “Gentlemen, we have visitors.”

Paul looks up to see Titius swing the door wide open to reveal Crispus, his family and others gathered just outside. He gets up and walks to the door to better see. He looks at Crispus and asks, “What are you all doing here?”

Crispus gives a slight smile and shares a knowing glance with his sons. He then looks back at Paul and says, “We’re ready. All of us.”

Paul chuckles at his response. “You know what you’re getting yourselves into?” He asks.

Crispus shoots back. “If God is calling us, God is calling us. Who are we to deny Him?”

Paul slowly nods. “Well… alright then.” He looks over at Titius and asks, “So… where shall we baptize these people?”

Sipping water from the hillside spring, the three men then take in the view of the city below and the isthmus beyond. 

Catching his breath, one of the men finally looks over at Sosthanes and broaches the subject. “So, Crispus is out?” He asks.

“He had to go.” Sosthanes concedes. “He was advocating for the rogues. He wanted us to give them an audience above and beyond what we’ve already seen.”

Listening in, the third man shakes his head and says with some uncertainty. “I dunno. My wife is furious with you.”

Sosthanes breathes out a heavy sigh. 

The man continues: “Crispus and his family have been involved in my family’s lives for years. He’s taught us. He was there when my children were born. He’s been a trusted friend for a long time.”

“Yes.” Sosthanes explains without emotion. “This is the way of such things. Those of whom you have known and trusted for years often can be led astray and bring you down with them.” He shakes his head and goes on: “Crispus has been a dear friend of mine as well. You are not the only ones grieving here. You know he is regularly meeting up with the Syrians who continue to teach him their heresies. By the way, did you know there are other Syrian teachers who have recently come to our city to help this guy? 

The men’s eyes widen at this revelation.

“Do you now understand?” Sosthanes exclaims. “The problem hasn’t gone away now that Crispus and the heretic have been removed from our family. It’s just beginning. Things are going to get much worse. They have been meeting at Titius Justus’ home, right next to the synagogue. Many of our Gentile converts have fallen away from our group and have since joined theirs.” Sosthanes then looks deeply into the eyes of both men and shares. “This is war.”

We’re going to stop here for today.

Crispus, one of the Corinthian Synagogue’s leaders, and his family are removed from fellowship in an unpleasant and public way. His sympathetic ear to Paul’s teaching has rubbed Sosthanes, another synagogue leader, the wrong way. Fearing an internal doctrinal coup, Sosthanes is both motivated and pressured to “purge out the yeast” of any of Paul’s heretical Messianic teachings. 

Meanwhile, Paul is wondering if he’s having any benefit here in Corinth, so he resolves to increase his teaching efforts even though he is no longer welcome in the synagogue. Titius Justus, a converted Gentile opens up his home to Paul and the others, which happens to be right next door to the synagogue. The synagogue becomes somewhat divided by Sosthanes’ forceful approach, and many Gentile converts who want to learn more about Jesus are now learning from Paul at Titius’ home. 

What does all of this mean? It means things are heating up here in Corinth. 

One particular point I want to make is this: When you meet Jesus, nothing else matters. This is a truth that Jesus made painfully clear to anyone who was taking an interest in him. I don’t think there is a better example than when he described himself as “The bread of life”…

“Truly, truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink His blood, you have no life in yourselves. He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day. For My flesh is true food, and My blood is true drink. He who eats My flesh and drinks My blood abides in Me, and I in him. As the living Father sent Me, and I live because of the Father, so he who eats Me, he also will live because of Me. This is the bread which came down out of heaven; not as the manna that the fathers ate and died; he who eats this bread will live forever.”

— John 6:53-58

This was a jaw dropping moment for those listening in the crowd. “Did he just say what I thought he said?” Many would have asked themselves. Some might have taken this literally, but most would have understood that Jesus’ words here were to be seen as a line drawn in the sand. “If you want God, then you need me.” If that’s not clear enough, later on in John’s writings, Jesus said something similar:

Jesus *said to him (Thomas), “I am the way, and the truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father but through Me.

— John 14:6

So, just in case you were wondering… Jesus makes the audacious claim that says, “You cannot know God apart from me.” Naturally, there are those who will not respond well to this message. But for those who were closest to him and spent nearly every day with him for four years, they would later on be willing to put everything on the line for him. Why? Because nothing else mattered. 

Peter responded to Jesus’ flesh and blood comment this way:

As a result of this many of His disciples withdrew and were not walking with Him anymore. So Jesus said to the twelve, “You do not want to go away also, do you?” Simon Peter answered Him, “Lord, to whom shall we go? You have words of eternal life. We have believed and have come to know that You are the Holy One of God.”

— John 6:66-69

Later on, In Paul’s encounter with the risen Jesus, this experience changed everything for him: His career, his obsession with destroying the early church, his position in the Sanhedrin and his ambition to move up within the ranks of all Jewish authority. Yet… once he met Jesus, nothing else mattered. 

In 2 Corinthians 11 and 12, Paul goes to great lengths to share the hardships he had endured for being outspoken about the risen Jesus. In Philippians 3, Paul shares about what he gave up to follow Jesus and that it was of no consequence to him. Why? Because he met Jesus and nothing else mattered.

If anyone else has a mind to put confidence in the flesh, I far more: circumcised the eighth day, of the nation of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the Law, a Pharisee; as to zeal, a persecutor of the church; as to the righteousness which is in the Law, found blameless.

But whatever things were gain to me, those things I have counted as loss for the sake of Christ. More than that, I count all things to be loss in view of the surpassing value of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have suffered the loss of all things, and count them but rubbish so that I may gain Christ, 

— Philippians 3:4-8
When you meet Jesus, nothing else matters. Yet we may forget this when we get tied up in other pursuits. May our Lord bring you back to this simple truth. If you have been called, as Peter has been called, as Paul has been called, then may you live today as if nothing else matters. May you trust that God rewards such living with an intimate connection with Himself and that he will provide for you along the way. With that… Let’s move forward… together.

God’s Interest (Paul in Corinth)

Paul in Corinth becomes public enemy number one in the local synagogue. With Timothy and Silas’ arrival, Paul is able to double down his efforts by going back into full time ministry.

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Acts 18:1-5; Romans 1:14-17; Romans 3:21-26

The men push their way into the small chamber next to the synagogue, tersely greeting one another, nodding and sharing this common moment of purpose. Tension mounts as the men silently await their leader. The room warms from the many bodies huddled in its space. 

“Men of God.” Sosthanes announces, as he makes his way into the sweltering room and stands on a chair to survey it. He gauges his audience and confidently continues. “We have been poisoned.” 

The men hiss and harden their gazes back at him.

“A yeast has risen within our midst and continues to rot whatever it touches.” Sosthanes points at several men, as he continues. “Mind you, nobody is immune here. Even the smallest amount of yeast can completely change the composition of the dough, and the only thing we can do right now is purge out the yeast… no matter who has been impacted by it. Do you understand me? If we are going to weather out this storm, we must fight to purge out the yeast.”

Composing himself, Sosthanes then softens his voice. “Men, you know of whom I speak. When that Syrian Jew came into town several weeks back, our peace loving Jewish family has since been torn apart. We have been divided, the weak minded who buy into this Messiah rubbish from those of us who are sound in our approach. We need to stand our ground and purge out the yeast.”

As if in unison, the men stamp their feet and yell out, “Purge out the yeast!”

The landscape thaws, as the sun perches overhead. The townspeople have made their way out to see the merchants and food vendors. Paul awaits his food order and seats himself at an array of outside tables. Unable to tune out three different conversations, Paul cannot help but to eavesdrop.

“Can you believe that?” A man seated at an adjacent table asks the other seated with him. The two stare out into the pedestrian filled street to identify an obvious group of characters. “Who wears that?” He asks while shaking his head.

The other chimes in. “And goes out in public wearing it. I wouldn’t let my wife even see me in that.”

The first man laughs and continues, “I dunno, I could see it on you… right as your funeral procession goes down the street in front of the whole city.” He blurts out while slapping the other guy on the back.

The second man nearly spits out his wine from laughter and says, “Yeah, just before they light me on fire.”

Paul stares at the men and while looking back to see if his food is ready, he sees another group of men glaring at the two men laughing it up. Startled by the outburst of laughter, the men contemptuously shake their heads for a moment and resume their conversations. 

Changing the subject, one of the men gushes: “You aren’t going to believe this, guys, but… we sat… right next to… the emperor’s box.” 

“Get out!” One of his tablemates exclaims. “Which event were you watching?”

“We were at the…” He begins before being interrupted.

“That’s nothing!” Another blabs out. “When Daphne and I went to the Olympic games two years ago…”

“What?” Another guy asks in surprise. “You went to the Olympics?”

Another chimes in. “With Daphne? What, was she like the only woman there?”

“Oh yeah.” The man says. “We go very faithfully. And as for Daphne, she would win a few events if she could compete.”

The other guys look around at each other, wince, and nod understandingly. “Yeah, I bet she would.” One of them says. “You don’t mess with Daphne.” Another responds.

Yet another one of the men speaks up. “Yeah? Listen… that’s nothing. We used to spar around with some of the athletes from time to time. Wanna know who I got to wrestle with?

“Food’s up.” The vendor yells over at Paul…

With a sigh, Paul quickly stands to grab the order and makes his exit.

With the arrival of Sabbath, the five make their way through some of the rougher parts of Corinth. Turning a corner on to a small side street cradled by apartments, Paul sees a familiar face some 100 yards away. He smiles at the man who smiles in kind and purposefully beelines towards Paul and his small group.

“Titius Justus!” Paul exclaims with his arms open wide.

With a somber look, Titius quickly assesses his surroundings and quietly corrals the small group towards his home on the others side of the street. Sitting them down on a bench inside his courtyard, Titius then takes several steps back to see if the street is clear.

Priscilla nudges her husband who looks just as baffled as she is. 

Timothy and Silas exchange a more knowing glance at one another.

“Here we go… again” Timothy mutters, as he looks down at Silas’ feet. “Got your running sandals on?”

Paul looks up at Titius and asks, “What’s wrong, my friend?”

Titius’ rugged face softens a bit, as he quickly chooses his words. “You remember when last time I had to rush you inside the home here?”

Paul nods.

“Well, let’s just say you have a few more enemies now.” Titius says. 

“What are we talking about?” Paul asks. “How many?”

Titius breathes out and says, “A lot! And, they’re out for blood this time.”

“And Crispus?” Paul asks. “What’s happening with him?”

“Well, that’s the thing.” Titius muses. “Crispus is out. Took too much of a liking toward you. Sosthanes and he had some sort of falling out. I guess it was on account that Crispus showed too much of an interest.”

“Okay…” Paul replies. “What does this mean?”

“It means…” Titius warns. “You no longer have an advocate in the Jewish community here. It means that you have a rapidly growing group of men who wish to destroy you.” Wringing his hands and thinking for a time, Titius finally speaks up again. “I don’t know if I’m going to regret doing this, but… you’ve been inside my house. You know there is a fair amount of room in there… sizable enough to meet here instead of the synagogue.”

Paul begins to smile at this, as he shakes his head in disbelief. “You want to bring this upon yourself?” He asks. 

“I’m just stupid that way.” Titius confesses.

Paul pauses and says, “Well alright then. We’ll start meeting here.”

Titius sighs with relief. His expression quickly changes as he watches Paul begin to stand and make his way to the street. “Wait!” He exclaims as the others exit with Paul. “Where are you going?”

Paul smiles and responds. “To synagogue. It’s the Sabbath you know.” 

Titius’ eyes widen, and he shakes his head in disbelief. “They’ll kill you there.”

Timothy quips quietly over to Silas. “You never quite get used to this, do you.”

Paul turns back to Titius and remarks: “We’ve got one more thing to do. Lord willing, we’ll be back.”

The room tenses, as its occupants watch Paul come in from the outside. Buried in quiet conversation, Sosthanes gets distracted by the door’s opening and sees who walks in. He tries to hide the scowl that has come across his face, and he immediately excuses himself from the others. His mind races, as he tries to figure out how this scene is going to go down.

The room grows even more quiet than it was, as the synagogue members watch a number of men follow Sosthanes to the entry doors. 

Priscilla looks worriedly over at Aquila, Silas and Timothy. “What’s happening here?” She asks. 

Aquila steps between her and the men encroaching upon them. 

The room’s temperature drops. Crispus quiets his family, and he stands to see to the matter. He looks around at the men in the room and hears an unmistakable hissing noise permeating throughout the room.

Silas glances over at Timothy, and shows him his sandals. “Yes, I do.” He remarks.

Standing feet away from the small group, Sosthanes points at Paul and cries out: “You. You seek to destroy our way of life, and you have the audacity to show yourself here again? You have divided our people and seek to dismantle our faith. You, sir… You are not welcome here.”

More hissing and chanting.

Timothy leans over to whisper and asks. “Silas. What are they chanting?”

Not taking his eyes off the men in front of them, Silas shrugs. “Purge… something.” He finally offers.

Working his way between the standoff, Crispus faces Sosthanes and the men surrounding them, and he raises his hands. “Gentlemen,” He says, “Let’s simmer down. This is no place to become hostile towards one another. You have…”

Sosthanes raises his voice at Crispus. “I warned you not to get involved here. Your soft handling of this heretic has rendered you as a Jesus sympathizer and unfit for leadership.”

The other men yell out in agreement.

His eyes fixed on Crispus, Sosthanes yells out. “You have been removed from this Synagogue.”

Not knowing how to respond, Crispus replies, “You must be reasonable here.”

“This is about me!” Paul interrupts, as he walks between Crispus and his accusers. “He isn’t the one you take issue with. It’s me.” He raises his voice for all to hear. “In truth, however, it is not me. Nor was it the prophets before unbelieving Israel. They were mistreated, beaten and even killed for their message. “Get right with God.” They exclaimed. And our ancestors killed them for it. I bring the same message, and you wish to do me harm as well.”

Sosthanes tries to interrupt.

Paul yells on top of him. “No. You have ignored God’s message of reconciliation long enough. I have proclaimed to you how God sent Messiah here to redeem you from your wayward lives. You bear the name, “Jew” and boast in the God of the Law. You know His will and agree with the teachings found in the Law. The Law instructs you, and you act as if you’re a guide to others who are not as enlightened as you are. You correct the foolish, and you teach the immature. You are the embodiment of all that is true and holy.” Paul says with a smirk. “You’ve got it all figured out… You say, “Don’t steal.” Yet do you steal? You say, “Don’t commit adultery.” Yet, have you had affairs? You say, “Don’t give in to idol worship.” Yet, do you serve anything or anyone besides the Lord? You boast in the Law. Yet, do you break it? In breaking the Law–in seeking out the workarounds–aren’t you dishonoring God?”

Paul gestures over at the Greek converts seated on the far side of the room. “When you dishonor God, aren’t you Jews painting God in a bad light among these Gentile converts? For it is written, “The name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you.””

“Get out!” Sosthanes yells out. “All of you who follow this trader and his band of mindless minions. None of you are welcome in this house of God.”

The men surrounding Sosthanes hiss even louder, as they creep closer to Paul and his little group.

Seeing the imminent threat, Paul raises his hands and says, “Fine, we’ll go and not return.” He sweeps his hands over his garment, as if to brush off any dust. “This is on you. Your blood is on your own heads.” He then raises his hands above his head. “These hands are clean before the Lord. I’ve been sent to you, but I’m done. From now on, I’m only talking with Gentiles.”

“Get out!” Sosthanes roars, while his men close in.

We’re going to stop here for today

Oooooohhh boy, things have tensed up again. Much like the other synagogues around Turkey, Macedonia, Greece, and now Achaia, Paul is stirring things up here in Corinth as well. However, Corinth is a very different type of city than the others we’ve seen so far. Lot’s of wealth and money to be made here and even somewhat of a middle class exists. Lots of celebrity worship, entertainment, and Vegas-like living. You know… what happens in Corinth, stays in Corinth, sort of living. Even for the Jewish community, things are a little looser here than it is in other cities. Curiously, many of those who attend synagogue are non-Jews, or Gentiles, who have converted over to Judaism. Many of these folks have not grown up with the Law and are freshly learning about it.

Here’s the challenge. Paul is seen as a divider, but he’s also been given the task of reconciling the world with Jesus. For the Jews unwilling to recognize Jesus as Messiah–God’s chosen instrument for bringing the world back into a harmonious relationship with Him–let’s just say… they’re not buying it. 

For Paul, he took this responsibility on when Jesus first got his attention and helped him reorganize his priorities. That is, Jesus temporarily blinded Paul, smacked him around a bit, and gave him the task of reaching out to Jews and Gentiles alike. What is Paul to do? For him, it’s either to tick off the sensitivities of fellow Jews… or disappoint God. What to do, right? Not wanting to water down or stray from his calling, Paul lifts up “holy hands” in front of the Corinthian Jews to indicate that his heart is pure before the Lord and that they are clearly in the wrong for refusing to hear his message. 

Lifting up “holy hands” was an outward gesture that communicated to those watching, “Hey, as God as my witness, I’m living right before Him, and He’s happy with me. As for you… God will deal with you accordingly.”

Such an encouragement is found in 1 Timothy 2:3-8, where Paul advises the younger Timothy to teach fellow believers this same mindset:

This is good and pleases God our Savior, who wants everyone to be saved and to understand the truth. For there is only one God and one Mediator who can reconcile God and humanity—the man Christ Jesus. He gave his life to purchase freedom for everyone. This is the message God gave to the world at just the right time. And I have been chosen as a preacher and apostle to teach the Gentiles this message about faith and truth. I’m not exaggerating—just telling the truth.

In every place of worship, I want men to pray with holy hands lifted up to God, free from anger and controversy.

— 1 Timothy 2:3-8

The goal… listen to what I’m saying, and live right before God.

The problem here with Paul in Corinth appears to be similar to the problems found in just about every other Jewish synagogue where Paul has taught. Just like in Damascus, Jerusalem, Iconium, Antioch Pisidia, Thessalonica, and other cities, Paul has clearly sought out the synagogues to proclaim God’s message of reconciliation–first to the Jews, so that they may live rightly before God. 

In fact, in Romans 1:14-17, Paul explicitly states that he went to the Jews first to communicate God’s message of reconciliation. 

For I have a great sense of obligation to people in both the civilized world and the rest of the world, to the educated and uneducated alike. So I am eager to come to you in Rome, too, to preach the Good News.

For I am not ashamed of this Good News about Christ. It is the power of God at work, saving everyone who believes—the Jew first and also the Gentile. This Good News tells us how God makes us right in his sight.

— Romans 1:14-17

Paul reiterates this idea of “to the Jew first” in other passages as well (see Romans 2:9, 10). Why would Paul give preference first to the Jews and then the Gentiles? Is it that God likes the Jews better? Well… Not exactly. There are a number of passages that speak to the contrary. Here are just a few:

For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body, whether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or free, and we were all made to drink of one Spirit.

— 1 Corinthians 12:13

Or is God the God of Jews only? Is He not the God of Gentiles also? Yes, of Gentiles also.

— Romans 3:29

So God is definitely interested in the Gentiles as well. Going to the Jews first isn’t about whether God likes the Jews better. No. There’s a lot of background to what I’m about to say, but there’s no way I will be able to tackle this here. God had raised up the Jews as the ultimate underdog. From the perspectives coming from surrounding nations which were far greater, more powerful and much more sophisticated, the Jews were seen as a curious, peculiar and flat out inferior group of people who served a very foreign god.

From the Jewish perspective, God had made particular promises to them, rescued them, parented them, instructed them, created a homeland for them, and made them into a closely connected people–who placed themselves under the authority of Mosaic Law. 

Typically, when foreign nations come in and take control of a people group, the general populace is eventually integrated into the new culture within one or two generations. Much like second or third generation Americans who would speak English with no accents and be generally adopted into American culture, people groups would change and eventually take on a new cultural identity over time. For the Jews, things were different. Jewish culture was unique and Jews would fight at all costs to make sure that the Law of Moses was still the overarching authority for Jewish culture. 

Going to the Jews first was motivated by two main factors. Yes, there were others, but these are pretty important: 

First, as those under the authority of the God who has cared for them, Jews shared A LOT in common. Paul went to the Jews first because of what they shared in common, which was just about everything pertaining to everyday life. From circumcision as a form of worship to education; from meal restrictions to employment skill sets, common ground was commonplace with Paul and fellow Jews. When sharing the message of Jesus, Paul didn’t have to unpack all of the background stuff that would go along with sharing. They had the same background. 

The second reason pertains to the expectations that Jews had about God’s promises. Jews had a shared anticipation of a coming King, God’s chosen one, who would come and set up permanent residence in Israel while righting the wrongs of the world. 

So, why the Jews first? With so much in common, wouldn’t it make sense to do it this way? In Romans chapter 3, Paul points out the advantages Jews had over Gentiles simply because they were much further down the road in their journey with God.

Then what advantage has the Jew? Or what is the benefit of circumcision? Great in every respect. First of all, that they were entrusted with the oracles of God. 

— Romans 3:1-2

But many of the Jews struggled with Paul’s message, also for two major reasons: First, Paul points to Jesus as Messiah, the coming king who will right the wrongs of the world. The Jews rejected the message and Jesus as the promised chosen One of God. Second, is that Paul has included the Gentiles into the fold as recipients to the Kingdom promises of God. This is something the Jews did not favor at all.

But, Paul remains steadfast to the message by helping Jews understand that all people, regardless of whether they were Jewish or not, are sinful in comparison to a good (perfect) God. Paul writes that whether Jew or Gentile, we’re all messed up.

What then? Are we Jews better than they (Gentiles)? Not at all; for we have already charged that both Jews and Greeks are all under sin.

— Romans 3:9

While Jews would admit that they had some issues, it was nothing like their Gentile counterparts. Compared to the Gentiles–even the converts–many Jews saw themselves as far superior to those outside of their own. 

So… when Paul brilliantly explained how God had leveled the playing field between Jew and Gentile alike, many flat out rejected this idea. But, Paul remained persistent here: God has declared that all are under sin and in need of reconciliation to Him. Those obedient to the Law have cut corners. Those without the Law are well… they’re just a mess. Either way, all have missed out on God, so God had to do something to fix the problem.  

But now God has revealed how we may be right with him without keeping the requirements of the law, as was promised in the writings of Moses and the prophets long ago. We are declared in right standing with God by placing our faith in Jesus Christ. And this is true for everyone who believes, no matter who we are.

For Jews and Gentiles alike; we all fall short of God’s glorious standard. Yet God, with undeserved kindness, declares that we are righteous. He justly did this through Christ Jesus when he redeemed us from the penalty brought upon us by our sin problem. For God publicly displayed Jesus as the sacrificial lamb for sin. People are declared righteous with God when they believe that Jesus sacrificed his life, shedding his blood, as a substitute for sinful humanity. This sacrifice of Jesus shows that God was being fair when he held back and did not punish those who have sinned, for he was looking ahead and including them in what he would do in this present time. God did this to demonstrate his righteousness, for he himself is fair and just, and he declares sinners to be right in his sight when they believe in Jesus.

— Romans 3:21-26

What’s the bottom line with this? Regardless to who you are, your ethnicity, your social class, your family, your country of origin, or your background, God is interested in you. What better way to demonstrate such interest than to give away your most prized possession to restore the relationship? That is exactly what God has done for you, whether you are Jewish or not. 

Well, that’s it for this week. May you know how God has gone to great lengths to demonstrate his love for you. May you know that God sent Jesus to free you from your sin problem and reconcile you to Him. Talk about going to great lengths! With that, let’s move forward… together.

God’s Wisdom (Paul in Corinth)

Two synagogue leaders are not seeing eye to eye, especially as Paul in Corinth has shared a risen Messiah to an audience that has already rejected the idea.

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Acts 18:1-5; Isaiah 45:23-25; 1 Corinthians 1:18-25; 1 Corinthians 2:12-16

With every fiber of his physical being constricting, every muscle tightening and joint throbbing, Sosthanes waves over to his old friend and says, “Okay… I’ve had enough of this room. Let’s get back to the heat.”

The two men quickly walk out from the frigidarium and back into the caldarium for the fourth time.

“This never gets old.” Crispus says looking over at his fellow Jewish friend. “How much longer can you last?”

Sosthanes laughs and asks. “Are you challenging me?”

Crispus smiles and responds, “Not at all. I don’t think I could keep up. I might have one or two more times left in me.”

Breathing out a heavy sigh of relief, Sosthanes confesses. “Thank you… me too. So…” He says to broach another subject. “You met with him?”

Crispus wipes the sweat from his brow and looks back at his fellow synagogue leader. “Met with whom?” He asks.

“The traveling teacher.” Sosthanes replies. “You know who I’m talking about.”

Crispus slowly nods and takes his time to process his thoughts. Finally, he affirms and says, “I did.”

“And…” Sosthanes asks impatiently. “What became of your conversation?”

“And…” Crispus slowly continues. “He… makes a compelling case.”

Sosthanes lowers and shakes his head. “You can’t be serious.” He replies. 

“I am.” Crispus says as he straightens up. “He’s quite proficient in the Law and the prophets. Well… the entire Tenakh is his playground. To be honest, he danced circles around me with his understanding of the Scriptures. I was somewhat ashamed of myself, so this past week I have had to personally review several passages he addressed with me.”

“Go on…” Sosthanes flares. “What did you find?”

Crispus says. “I think I’ve had enough.” He grabs a linen to wipe off his face.

“You’re kidding me.” Sosthanes replies. “You’re done talking about this?”

“With the bath.” Crispus replies. “I’m done with the bath. I’m tapping out. Wanna get something to eat? There’s a vendor just outside that sells lamb skewers.”

“Fine.” Sosthanes grumbles. “But this isn’t over.”

“Not at all.” Crispus says with confidence. “Not at all.”

“Hey hey, you two!” Paul exclaims upon seeing his long lost friends. The three hug for a moment when Paul turns to make introductions. “Aquila… Pricilla… these are my long trusted friends and ministry partners. Timothy and Silas.” Paul beams and then says. “This is reason for celebration. Let’s all grab some food and catch up.”

“Good.” Timothy replies. “It’s cold out there.”

Seated in the corner area inside Aquila and Priscilla’s apartment, The five wrap themselves to keep warm and nibble away at the array of bread and olives in front of them. Paul looks affectionately over at Timothy which causes him to awkwardly look in another direction. 

Feeling the weird glances from the others, Paul asks: “Can I not look at my son?” He then pats Timothy on the knee and says, “I’m just so glad you’re alive and well, my friends. I can’t tell you how concerned I was for you.”

“Silas!” Paul goes on. “What of Athens?”

Finishing his bite of bread, Silas wipes his mouth and shrugs. “Well… it’s Athens.”

Paul nods understandingly.

“I kept meeting with both Dionysius and Damaris to train them as best as I could.” Silas continues.

Paul smiles upon hearing both of their names and shares his previous interactions for the others’ benefit, “Dionysius is a judge over Athens who often held court on the rock. Almost every day, he would nod when he passed by me in front of the stoa, and he finally came to listen in when the Epicureans threw me in front of the wolves… Good man.”

“Yeah, he’s steady as a rock.” Silas agrees and continues. “Anyway, we did our best to meet regularly, and we tried to find a home to open up for the Jesus followers there in Athens. But, stuff happened, and we would have to change out places to meet for one reason or another.”

“So, are Dionysius and Demaris leading others over there?” Paul asks.

“They both appear to be pretty faithful.” Silas says. 

Paul nods in agreement and replies, “The wisdom of the world.”

“Come again?” Aquila asks after listening quietly for a time.

Paul turns to his host and says, “The Lord knows the reasonings of the wise, but wisdom apart from God isn’t wisdom at all. In their wisdom,” he quotes. “They grope around looking for God, yet they never find him. Isn’t that the point of wisdom? That one may know his creator? So many in Athens are well educated and highly intelligent, yet they cringe at the idea that God would offer himself, in all of his perfection, his complete righteousness, for the benefit of lowly man. To the Greeks, or even the Romans, man is just a pawn in a celestial war game and used as such between the capricious and self-serving gods. But to the true God, man is the apex of his creative work and worth every effort to rescue. To the Athenians, the way of the cross is a sign of weakness, as if God isn’t strong or authoritative enough and has given in. So, they dismiss it and look for other ways to know God.”

Timothy blurts out, “But there is no other way to know God. To look for another way is to brush aside the lengths that God went to by placing Jesus on the cross.”

Paul smiles at his young protege. “Those who have dismissed the cross have dismissed the God who has orchestrated a way for their deliverance.

Seated on a bench on the outskirts of the agora, Crispus stares out at the columned rows of the Temple of Apollo in front of them. He nibbles from a skewer of lamb and various vegetables, and makes conversation with Sosthanes who sits next to him. 

“Did you watch any of the games?” He asks.

“Not a chance!” Sosthanes replies in disgust. “Thousands of drunk people flooding the streets to watch a few naked guys compete for a bunch of pine needles? No thanks.” He waves dismissively. “We locked the doors and avoided the events at all costs.”

“You know the games are held in Isthmos, right?” Crispus chides.

Growing agitated, Sosthanes replies, “Yes, but the riff raff stays and carouses here.”

Crispus laughs and replies, “Okay, okay. No games.” He looks up to see two men exit from a meat market across the street. He then looks down at his skewer and asks. “I wonder if that vendor over there gets his meat from this market?”

“I certainly hope not.” Sosthanes says as he uses his elbow to point over at the temple across the street. “I shudder to think we’re eating leftovers from the sacrifices that go on in there.”

Crispus smirks and replies, “Maybe we need to stick with the fish.”

Sosthanes looks over at Crispus and finally asks: “I want to get back to our conversation about this… traveling teacher. We’ve been warned about such Jewish men coming from Syria. You know this. You know that several Jewish communities have been turned upside down because of these rogues who have destroyed our synagogues. They are largely responsible for causing such commotions that the Romans, thinking they’re part of us, have thrown us out of our homes and our cities. Our businesses have been shut down, our families have been scattered on account of them. We’ve been told to avoid them at all costs. Yet, you dabble with them, like a moth to a flame.”

“I take issue with how you just painted this scenario, Sosthanes.” Crispus replies. “I agree, they proclaim something we don’t wish to hear, but we are by no means innocent in the way we have responded. In the case of the Romans expelling the Jews out of Rome, you seem to forget that the Jews there formed a mob to get rid of these Syrian Jews and escalated the problem so much that the civic authorities had to get involved.” Crispus shakes his head. “We risk doing the same thing here if we’re not careful.”

“What do you mean?” Sosthanes asks. 

“I mean, we’ve already seen some younger men pick a fight with this guy.” Crispus replies. “Right after he spoke in our service, we walked together…”

“You’re all sorts of chummy with him, aren’t you?” Sosthanes accuses.

“I want to understand where he’s coming from.” Crispus counters. “And getting violent with him isn’t going to accomplish anything. In fact, it only degrades us as God’s people. If he’s a heretic, fine we’ll remove him from speaking in our synagogue. But, he’s a human being and a very well trained Jew. If nothing else, we owe him an opportunity to speak to us–at least to us as leaders.”

Sosthanes stands and brushes some crumbs off of his garment.

“Wait…” Crispus says. “That’s it? You want to know more about what he teaches, and yet you’re done with me?”

“I already know where this is headed.” Sosthanes sorrowfully replies. “This man proclaims a dead Davidic King, and if you want to follow him, fine! But, as for us… Well, I cannot follow you in this direction, and I will seek to remove you from leadership.”

Not fully knowing how to respond, Crispus finally says as Sosthanes begins to walk away. “You look for signs, signs of God’s hand at work.”

Sosthanes turns around while walking backwards. “What about it? The pillar, our deliverance, our history… The Lord has always shown up this way.”

“Yet…” Crispus replies. “The sign you should be looking for is the sign of Jonah.”

“What’s that supposed to mean?” Sosthanes impatiently replies. He turns back around and walks away.

“Don’t be surprised if the pagans repent at the Lord’s doing.” Crispus yells out.

“What is this?” Paul asks, as Timothy sets a bag in front of him.

“This is a gift.” Timothy replies. “From our friends in Thessalonica.”

Paul looks up at the others seated around the table. He then peers into the bag to feel the numerous coins inside. He looks back at Timothy in surprise.

“I know you sent me to fan any of the embers that might still be there back into a flame. Of course, I wasn’t excited about walking all the way back there, but I’m glad I did. But to my surprise, when I arrived they brought me right in and asked me to train them as best as I knew how. By the way, they had a bunch of questions for me to ask you. Paul, don’t you see, they have been forever changed by your being with them.” Timothy says with a smile.

“Even the ones who were roughed up?” Paul asks. “What about Jason? Aeneus? Dmitri? What happened to Dmitri?”

“Jason has stepped up to lead, as has Aeneus.” Timothy responds. “They’re actually friends now.” He laughs at the irony of this. They’re both good guys whose faith has become very apparent in light of their receiving such maltreatment.” Timothy’s smile vanishes as he continues. “Dmitri… well, Dmitri got pretty bruised up at his kiosk a few times. Jaden and his henchmen kept showing up when he would close up his shop and did a number on him.”

Aquila and Priscilla exchange glances, and Aquila finally speaks up. “So… what kind of business was Dmitri in?”

Timothy quickly turns his head to Aquila and says, “Oh, he was a tentmaker.”

Startled at hearing this, Aquila asks. “So… what happened to Dmitri.”

Timothy becomes somber once again and looks back at Paul. “Dmitri… well, he’s gone. He just couldn’t recover from the beatings.”

Paul breathes out a heavy sigh and places his head into his hands. “I don’t know what to say… I blame myself for what happened there. And, here they give me a gift for it.”

Silas shakes his head. “No, they gave you a gift to continue what you started with them. You have given them life and hope. It was Jaden and that thug, Marcus, who did this to Dmitri. Not you.”

“Why do I feel like this is blood money?” Paul asks. 

Timothy replies. “Not at all! This is to empower you to engage in ministry without having to support yourself.”

“Does this mean you will no longer be working with us?” Aquila asks. “Whew!” He says. “For a second there, I was wondering if we needed to flee town ourselves.”

“Again.” Priscilla chimes in.

Paul chuckles and then sighs at the implications. “It’s the last thing I want to happen to you. Please know this.”

Timothy looks over at Aquila and says, “Hey, they don’t know us.”

Silas perks up at this. “He’s right. They don’t know us here, and this guy has taught us everything we need to know about tent making.”

“Well that’s a relief.” Priscilla teases to break the tension. “This guy can barely tie a knot.”

Paul shrugs and replies. “The students have become the masters then. You will see that they can earn their keep.” He then looks over at Timothy and says. “I need to write to these people and say, “thank you.” With this gift, they will have opened a whole new door of ministry for us. You said they had some questions too? What were they?”

We’re going to stop here for today.

Paul receives a sizable gift from the weathered fledgling church in Thessalonica. While in Athens Paul sent Timothy back to the church some 350 miles north after fearing that his labor there had gone without bearing any fruit. To Paul’s surprise, Timothy comes back with a glowing report of how the church has begun to thrive, even in the midst of some violent pushback. He also comes back with a sizable collective gift from the church to fund Paul into full-time ministry. In response, with the help of Silas and Timothy, Paul in Corinth writes a letter to thank them and to address the issues they raised with Timothy. You may know this letter as 1 Thessalonians. While we’re not entirely sure if this letter or a letter to the Galatians came first, we do know this full time opportunity afforded Paul the time to write these churches and regions with which he had the greatest impact. 

Meanwhile, current leaders within the local Corinthian synagogue, Crispus and Sosthanes part ways, as Crispus warms up to Paul’s teaching. Sosthanes will partake in the escalation of the hostilities and bring the matter before the Roman officials. He later receives a thrashing from his own people after Gallio refuses to hear the issue. Curiously, Paul greets us and mentions a Sosthanes as a brother at the beginning of 1 Corinthians (1:1). Could this be the same Sosthanes? Could the turn of events that resulted in Sosthanes public beatings right there in court (Acts 18:17) be the cause for him to take another look at the Gospel? Maybe!

You must be insane to believe the Gospel! This is a common reaction that many have today. It was a common response held by many 2,000 years ago too. To the Greco-Roman, the Gospel–the idea that God would send his son to sacrificially die in our place… so that we may yield to him and receive His righteous position before God as our own–was regarded as lunacy. The prevailing wisdom of the day, which was based on several presumptions of how the world worked at the time, discarded the crazy idea that God loved humanity. Consequently, most rejected the idea… at first. To be fair, it wasn’t just the Greeks who struggled with the Gospel. Even Israel and Judah some 700 years earlier struggled with the notion. 

For the LORD has redeemed Jacob and in Israel He shows forth His glory. Thus says the LORD, your Redeemer, and the one who formed you from the womb, “I, the LORD, am the maker of all things, stretching out the heavens by Myself and spreading out the earth all alone, causing the omens of boasters to fail, making fools out of diviners, causing wise men to draw back and turning their knowledge into foolishness.

— Isaiah 45:23-25

Regardless of the era and the prevailing winds of thinking at any given time in history, the idea of God loving humanity enough to save it from its own self-destructive tendencies was just plain absurd. 

In this way, things haven’t changed much. Even with present wisdom as seen today, God still continues to confound such wisdom and reaches people. For those who accept the idea of a loving God who has sought to redeem humanity, they are the ones who see God at work on a regular basis. They see the power of God, and they continue to move forward in faith. In first Corinthians 1, Paul contrasts the foolishness found in common wisdom with the wisdom found for those who seek after God.

For the word of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God. For it is written, “I WILL DESTROY THE WISDOM OF THE WISE, AND THE CLEVERNESS OF THE CLEVER I WILL SET ASIDE.”

Where is the wise man? Where is the scribe? Where is the debater of this age? Has not God made foolish the wisdom of the world? For since in the wisdom of God the world through its wisdom did not come to know God, God was well-pleased through the foolishness of the message preached to save those who believe. For indeed Jews ask for signs and Greeks search for wisdom; but we preach Christ crucified, to Jews a stumbling block and to Gentiles foolishness, but to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ is the power of God and the wisdom of God. Because the foolishness of God is wiser than men, and the weakness of God is stronger than men.

— 1 Corinthians 1:18-25

The power of God is often identified by those who have the mind of Christ. While the supernatural power of God may show up for any and all to witness, the transformational power of God is seen by those who wish to look for His fingerprints. As a deposit for God’s Kingdom of Heaven which is yet to come (Eph 1:14), the Spirit of God has been made available to those who routinely yield to Him, ever imparting to them the mind of Christ. When we take on the mind of Christ, we see God’s goodness at work in the lives of others.

Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who is from God, so that we may know the things freely given to us by God, which things we also speak, not in words taught by human wisdom, but in those taught by the Spirit, combining spiritual thoughts with spiritual words.

But a natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; and he cannot understand them–because the things of God are spiritually discerned. But he who is spiritual appraises all things, yet he himself is appraised by no one. For WHO HAS KNOWN THE MIND OF THE LORD, THAT HE WILL INSTRUCT HIM? But we have the mind of Christ.

— 1 Corinthians 2:12-16

So… what kind of wisdom comes with the mind of Christ? There are a number of examples that we might point to pertaining to this idea. It often shows up in what we value as Christ followers. Instead of valuing what we want to value, a Christ follower trusts that what God wants for her is better than what she can want for herself. This trust stems from her understanding about the nature and character of God. “If God is good and wants good things for others,” She might reason, “then I will follow his counsel in all things.”

Ideals such as… What does God want for us? How do we view ourselves as Jesus followers? How does God regard us as his creation? Why are we here? How do we treat one another? Why are the fruits of the Spirit so important? How do we regard relationships with others? Why are marriage and family so important? Why should we not worry so much about building wealth? How do we respond when things become difficult? How does God fight our battles? Etc… those sorts of things.

There’s much more to discover here, but I think we’ll need to wrap it up. Though the wisdom of God may seem like foolishness to many, to those who choose to follow, they will experience the goodness of living the way God intended.

May you choose to live as God desires, even when it doesn’t make sense at the time. By doing this, you’ll see that your acts of faith will engage the Power of God in your life and in others around you. With that, let’s move forward… together.

Bought With a Price (Paul in Corinth)

Paul in Corinth acclimates to his new surroundings, whereby he befriends husband and wife team, Aquila and Priscilla.

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A Jesus follower’s response when things get tense

Wherever you may find yourself in society’s structures, Jesus has purchased you with his life-giving sacrifice, and now you are a bond-servant, a volunteer slave, to Jesus himself. Your life mission… as a slave to Christ… is to further the Kingdom of Heaven. 

Acts 18:1-4; Acts 9:13-16; Acts 22:24-29; Philippians 3:7-8, 20-21; 1 Corinthians 7:21-24; 1 Timothy 6:17-18

A small group of men huddle around Paul as they quickly whisk him out the doors of the synagogue. From the side, a man pushes his way into the huddle.

“Back off!” Warns one of the men next to Paul. He pushes the younger man away and replies, “This is no way to treat our guest!”

The man circles around the huddle to find an in, while Paul wonders if the group around him is interested in what he has to say or a bunch of guys just trying to protect him.

As the mild hostilities settle, the cadre of men walk out of the small courtyard and along the narrow road. A larger brick wall runs along the road and attaches itself to the synagogue’s courtyard. As the men continue walking, they pass by an entryway to another courtyard, apparently belonging to the man who happens to be standing there and watching the small group walk by. 

Paul looks up and catches the eyes of the man staring back at him. He nods, and the man steps out to greet him.

“Go back inside, Gentile!” A voice yells out from behind. “You’re not one of us!”

The group of men turn around to identify the antagonist. Recognizing the troublemaker, one of the men from the group sighs and says, “I’ll deal with that.” He leaves the group and grabs the younger adversary by the hair and drags him away.

Paul and the homeowner stand there and observe the younger man scream out in obscenities, as he gets dragged down the street and away from them.

“Nice boy, I’m sure.” The homeowner offers.

Paul chuckles, looks at the man standing next to him and says, “Paul.”

The man reaches out to place a hand on Paul’s shoulder and says, “Titius.” He then looks around and says, “You’ve managed to stir up a bit of a commotion here.”

Paul shrugs and softly laughs. “Not my intent. I promise.” He says.

As the two continue to stare out at the commotion still happening some distance away, Titius replies, “I’ve been here for much of my life. For years, I’ve seen people come and go to peaceably worship in that synagogue. For the most part, I’ve come to admire these folks, and I have appreciated their unswerving devotion to their practice. I’ve even learned from the Torah, the prophets and the writings from these devout people who have taken the time to explain them to me.”

Paul steps closer to listen in and nods his head.

“But.” The man continues. “I’ve never heard anything quite like what you just shared in there.” He gestures over at the other men surrounding Paul. “And… by the looks of it, neither have they.”

“You were inside then?” Paul says. “I must have missed seeing you.”

Stumbling to find the right words, the man continues, “I’ve come to appreciate the fire in the bellies of many of these Jews here. They are passionate people. They take their worship seriously, so when I see them responding this way to a message coming from one of their own, it tells me that this is a hotbed issue.”

“That it is.” Paul affirms. “How does anyone respond to the idea that they have rejected the very God they have sworn to worship? Some are bound to get angry at this message. It’s really no different than how the prophets of old were treated.”

“Yeah, exactly.” Titius responds. “I guess… what I’m saying… is that I’m intrigued. Anyone willing to step into a room like that and say what you said… Well, I would like to better understand what you’re advocating. I’m wondering… would you come and eat with us and better explain this stuff to us.”

Carefully approaching the man leaning against a column at the front of the Julian Basilica, the clerk announces his arrival by clearing his throat. “My lord,” He asks. “Shall I orient you to the forum.”

Gallio turns to see his administrative assistant who bows his head. He looks back towards the square and nods. “The statue,” He points to the massive bronzed figure towering above the center of the forum and asks.

“The dedication to Tiberius Caesar, my Lord?” The clerk asks. “Yes, certainly you know of the Augustales in Rome. Yes, well they are alive and well here.”

Gallio looks at the clerk and asks, “They are loyalists?” 

“Oh, yes sir,” The clerk responds proudly. “Most are Roman citizens and all understand the value of Roman leadership here in Corinth. The Augustales will likely be some of your greatest allies here.” The clerk looks out into the forum and points to the other side. “That smaller statue in the far corner was provided by a benefactor whose origins are of neither Greek nor Roman nobility. A freedman who worked tirelessly and became quite rich here.” He pauses to look back at Gallio. “Many “rags to riches” stories have taken place along these very streets. Freedmen, or descendants of Freedmen, have become magistrates here in Corinth, and all have governed by keeping economic opportunity in mind. You see, Corinth has thrived as an economic powerhouse since the Romans forced their way in some time ago, so Rome is seen in a positive light… for the most part. Then again, Corinth hasn’t required active leadership from Rome and has gotten used to being self-governed. So, don’t be surprised to find some resistance as well.”

Nodding, Gallio points to the left of the square. “The Rostra?” He asks. 

“Yes… my lord.” The clerk hesitates. “Though, here in Achaea, you’ll find most prefer to call it the Bema, my liege. Your addresses will be made from there.” He then perks up. “You just missed the games.” 

“Oh?” Gallio asks. “I trust they went well.”

“They did!” The clerk says while smiling. “Yes, the Isthmian Games continue to grow in international popularity. We easily had more than twice the amount of people in the city and thousands of outliers camping between here and Isthmia.”

“Any trouble?” Gallio asks.

The clerk shakes his head. “Nothing more than normal. All walks of society treading along the same streets while shopping and eating at the same places. There’s bound to be some hiccups along the way.” Changing the subject, he continues: “The Italian contingent was fairly strong this year.”

“The Italians.” Gallio waves his arms dismissively and spits. “Over inflated egos with marginal capacity. What of the Spaniards?”

“Yes, my lord.” The clerk responds, suddenly remembering his audience. “You’re not from Italy. Cordoba, yes?”

Gallio smiles.

Focusing on threading a needle into a patch, Paul misses the man who walks up to the workspace. He startles upon hearing a voice.

“I thought I might find you here.” The voice says. 

Though overcast, Paul squints as he tries to look up at the man. “Sorry.” He says. “Sometimes, these cloudy days seem brighter than the clear ones.”

The man looks up at the sky and then back at Paul. “Sensitive eyes, eh?” He asks. 

“Yeah, I guess.” Paul says. “Linus, right?”

The man nods. “Yes, it looks like you have acclimated yourself to this town in short order.”

Paul laughs and replies. “I guess I’m somewhat used to it.”

“How’s business for you?” Linus asks. “With you and the Jews making a go of it in a new town, I suspect it’s a bit slow moving.”

Paul stops sewing to take a moment to process. “Yeah, a little.” He says, now looking directly at the man standing in front of him. “Hey, I know there are other tentmakers here in Corinth, and with you being fairly… well, connected here, I’m curious… How.”

Linus finishes Paul’s question, “Are the other tentmakers doing here?”

“Well…” Paul shrugs. “Yeah.”

“Quite well, my friend.” Linus gushes. “Quite well indeed.”

“Hmmmm.” Paul responds. “I guess the next question is…”

“Why you and your friends here are not seeing your share of the business?” Linus blurts out.

Paul laughs. “Yeah.”

“Corinth…” Linus waves to the city around him and opines. “Is a metropolitan city, yes. It’s a large city.” He steps next to Paul and whispers in a hushed tone. “But it’s a tightly knit city.”

“Okay…” Paul says as he draws back from the man standing a little too close.

“We trust our own.” Linus explains with a sweeping gesture. “Lot’s of people coming and going. Lot’s of hucksters who take advantage of others… so, we like to be careful here.”

Paul nods with new understanding and says. “I suspect you know a lot of the people here?”

Linus smiles and replies. “I do. My family and I have been here in Corinth for well over 100 years.”

Paul guesses, “Which would make sense that you would offer your tour guide services at the city gates… you know… for newcomers like me.”

“I know every in and out of this city, the Isthmus, and the Acrocorinth above.” Linus announces.

“You’re good at what you do!” Paul praises. 

“Yes… I am.” Linus affirms.

“Do you have other business interests?” Paul inquires. “I would imagine that being a tour guide here and knowing every detailed part about the city and its people makes you quite the matchmaker.”

Linus ponders this for a moment. “I’ve never quite put it that way, but yes I do often make referrals.”

Paul nods and asks, “That makes sense. So… what does it take to receive a referral from you?”

Linus looks around at the pedestrian traffic picking up and sizes Paul up. Wiping his hand on his garment, he then responds in a measured tone. “You see… It’s a simple percentage of what you sell.”

As Paul, Aquila and Priscilla make their way out from the synagogue and into the street, Aquila looks over at Paul and shakes his head. “Wow.” He says. “Well that was different.”

Paul looks back at Aquila and smirks, “Pretty normal day for me.” He says.

Aquila looks back over his shoulder to see a number of men following them. He then looks over at Priscilla who shrugs and asks, “This… is normal?” 

The three continue to walk while looking behind to see what now appears to be a small crowd of men following. They come to a complete halt when Aquila bumps into a man they didn’t see in front of them. 

“Oooof.” Aquila says. “I’m sorry… I didn’t.”

Interrupting, the man looks over at Paul and says. “Looks like you’re winning over the crowd.”

Smiling back at the familiar face, Paul asks: “Titius Justus, right?”

Titius smiles in return and responds. “Why don’t we go inside? Remember, you owe me a meal.” He rushes them over to a doorway and says, “I’ll be right in. Make yourselves at home.”

The three stand at a corner inside the cavernous room, looking at one another and wondering what might be happening outside. 

The door finally opens, as Titius walks in with three other men.

“What’s happening out there?” Paul asks. 

“Nothing to fret about.” Titius replies. “Just some ill-tempered young men trying to find their way in the world.”

Paul looks over at one of the men by Titius’ side, drops his jaw, and points, “You… you are…”

The man smiles at Paul’s efforts to identify him and finishes Paul’s sentence. “Crispus… The synagogue chief.” He says while firmly grasping Paul’s shoulder. He continues. “This is Stephanas, and this is Fortunas. You’ve said some bold, if not fiery, things these past few Sabbaths, both in our services and outside in the courtyards. Do you really think that approach has worked?”

Caught off guard with the question, Paul thinks for a moment, smiles, and finally responds. “I don’t know… we’re here eating a meal in this man’s house and about to talk further, aren’t we?”

The three men look at eachother and smile. Crispus then assesses the room before looking back at Paul and says, “Yes… yes we are.”

We’re going to stop here for today.

Paul in Corinth gets acclimated–or at least as settled as Paul gets. He finds a place to both live and work with Aquila and Priscilla, and he establishes his ministry with regular teaching times in and out of a local synagogue. Like many Greek and Roman cities, synagogues are filled with both Jews and Jewish converts alike. Whereas, many of the early church believers had Jewish lineages, Paul discovered that the further he moved away from Jerusalem, the more he saw a change in this demographic. Many here in the Corinthian synagogue would have either been Jewish converts with Gentile backgrounds or Jewish refugees who had recently made their way here from Rome. Yes, there were birthright Jews here as well, but the make-up of this synagogue would have felt much different than say a synagogue in Antioch, Thessalonica… or especially… Jerusalem.

That said, there are other demographic divisions happening here in Corinth, which Rome regarded as a colony with special perks, to consider as well. Those who were slaves versus those who were free; those who were military veterens versus those who were of the aristocratic and ruling class; those who were full fledged citizens of Rome and those who were not… By the way, while 70% of those from Italy were Roman Citizens by birth, Corinth would have had a much smaller percentage. Here in Corinth, nearly 30% of its citizenry were slaves and even fewer were Roman citizens. By this time in AD 51, the Roman Empire had grown to about 55-65 million people with approximately 5 million classified as Roman citizens. Less than 5% of the outlying regions, such as modern day Turkey, Syria, or Israel, would have been made up of Roman Citizens. On another side note, mortality rates were high in comparison to today. Half of those born would not make it past their first birthdays. 

To say the least, freedom and equality as we have come to experience here in 21st Century United States was not understood or even conceived of within the Roman Empire.

Where am I going with this? 

Paul, who enjoyed the perks of full Roman Citizenship by birthright–which hints at a more aristocratic upbringing, especially since he was raised far away from Rome or Italy–used his Roman Citizenship to further advance the Kingdom of Heaven and to gain audiences from high-profile men and councils that would have otherwise never given him the time of day. 

Then again, Jesus promised Paul that this would be the case. Shortly after interrupting Paul’s day–he was headed to Damascus with his police escort to arrest a bunch of Jesus followers–Jesus blinded Paul and shortly afterwards, gave Ananias–a local follower of Jesus in Damascus–instruction to support Paul during this time of need. Luke later records this interaction:

But Ananias answered, “Lord, I have heard from many about this man, how much harm he did to Your saints at Jerusalem; and here he has authority from the chief priests to arrest all who call on Your name.” But the Lord said to him, “Go, for he is a chosen instrument of Mine, to bear My name before the Gentiles and kings and the sons of Israel; for I will show him how much he must suffer for My name’s sake.” 

— Acts 9:13-16

Jesus did not intend to let Paul sit idly by and enjoy the perks of his citizenship or his aristrocratic upbringing. Nope! Jesus intended to use Paul’s privileged access and training as an attorney to bring forth the Kingdom of Heaven. 

Remember the moment when Paul was questioning a Roman Commanding officer in Acts  22? God used Paul’s citizenship card to place him in front of an audience of people that would have never otherwise given him the time of day. Let’s listen into that exchange:

The commander ordered him to be brought into the barracks, stating that he should be examined by scourging so that he might find out the reason why they were shouting against him that way. But when they stretched him out with thongs, Paul said to the centurion who was standing by, “Is it lawful for you to whip a man who is a Roman and uncondemned?” When the centurion heard this, he went to the commander and told him, saying, “What are you about to do? For this man is a Roman.” The commander came and said to him, “Tell me, are you a Roman?” And he said, “Yes.” The commander answered, “I acquired this citizenship with a large sum of money.” And Paul said, “But I was actually born a citizen.” Therefore those who were about to examine him immediately let go of him; and the commander also was afraid when he found out that he was a Roman, and because he had put him in chains.

— Acts 22:24-29

Paul was well aware of his special privileges as a Roman Citizen, but he rarely played that card, only in instances where he would gain an audience of those in authority. What was Paul’s attitude towards his citizenship and his well to do upbringing and training? Without a doubt, Paul used his background to get him into places and in front of people. However, his goal was not to build himself up but to move the Kingdom of Heaven forward. Here’s what Paul says to those in Philippi:

I once thought these things were valuable, but now I consider them worthless because of what Christ has done. Yes, everything else is worthless when compared with the infinite value of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord. For his sake I have discarded everything else, counting it all as garbage, so that I could gain Christ… But we are citizens of heaven, where the Lord Jesus Christ lives. And we are eagerly waiting for him to return as our Savior. He will take our weak mortal bodies and change them into glorious bodies like his own, using the same power with which he will bring everything under his control.

— Philippians 3:7-8, 20-21

What does Paul focus on here? His focus isn’t upon preserving his rights as a Roman citizen–though he uses his special privileges to advance the Kingdom of Heaven. Paul’s one and only aim is to bring the good news about the Kingdom of Heaven in front of as many people–people from all walks of life–as he can. Later to the Corinthian believers (and others), Paul addresses how they should live given the restricting circumstances they find themselves in:

Were you called while a slave? Do not worry about it; but if you are able also to become free, of course take advantage of that opportunity. For he who was called in the Lord while a slave, is the Lord’s freedman; likewise he who was called while free, is Christ’s slave. You were bought with a price; do not become slaves of the world and what the world values. Brethren, each one is to remain with God in that condition in which he was called.

— 1 Corinthians 7:21-24 

Here’s Paul’s point: Wherever you may find yourself in society’s structures, Jesus has purchased you with his life-giving sacrifice, and now you are a bond-servant, a volunteer slave, to Jesus himself. Your life mission… as a slave to Christ… is to further the Kingdom of Heaven. 

To the slave… there is freedom in Christ. Your citizenship is in Heaven and the joy that comes with the Kingdom of Heaven. You belong to Jesus.

To the Freedperson… you’ve been bought for a price, therefore, you belong to Jesus and need to spend your freely given time dedicated to the one who has purchased you.

To the poor… the Kingdom of Heaven is seen with much greater clarity. How so? Because for you, this world has little to offer. You’ve got nothing to lose and everything to gain with the Kingdom of Heaven (Matthew 5:3).

To the aristocrat and ruling party… you’re here to generously shower the goodness that pours out from Kingdom of Heaven to others by giving much and being reminded that what you have was given to you. Here’s what Paul writes to one of his closest followers: 

Teach those who are rich in this world not to be proud and not to trust in their money, which is so unreliable. Their trust should be in God, who richly gives us all we need for our enjoyment. Tell them to use their money to do good. They should be rich in good works and generous to those in need, always being ready to share with others. By doing this they will be storing up their treasure as a good foundation for the future so that they may experience true life.

— 1 Timothy 6:17-18

True life, as God has designed it, is made visible when others see the Kingdom of Heaven through our efforts. And, what we see here is only a glimpse of what is yet to come. 

That’s it for this week. Regardless to your stature, your social position, your wealth, your citizenship rights, may God use you to show the Kingdom of Heaven–which is an all encompassing reflection of God’s goodness–into the lives of others.

With that, let’s move forward together…

Creating Healthy Community (Paul in Corinth)

Listen to the Podcast

One key ingredient that will make all the difference

Acts 18:1; James 3:7-12; Matthew 15:11, 16-19; Ephesians 4:11-24; Galatians 5:16-26

Strolling together along a marble ladened hallway, Emperor Claudius and Junius Gallio exchange pleasantries.

“I want to thank you, my lord.” Gallio offers.

“Thank me?” Claudius asks. “Thank me for what?”

“For commuting my brother’s sentence to exile and not death.” Gallio responds.

Claudius chuckles and replies. “Much like your father, there has always been a fire in that man’s belly.”

Gallio smiles at this. “Yes, Seneca’s oratory and pen alike have made both allies and enemies. Who knew a stoic could cause so much anger?”

Claudius stops to laugh, turns to face Gallio, and says. “You know Caligula ordered him to commit suicide?”

“I had heard, yes.” Gallio replies.

Claudius shakes his head and continues. “While your brother said some rather unpleasant things about me as well, Caligula was mad, beyond drunk with power, even to the point of demanding to be worshiped by the Jews in Alexandria and Jerusalem.”

“I noticed you have removed them from Rome, my lord.” Gallio observes.

Claudius nods and takes a moment to find the right words. “Yes, the Jews are a conundrum to me. A necessary evil. They have worked hard with many earning their freedom and acclimating in cities far away from their homeland.” Claudius laughs and continues: “Doing well at it, I might ad. They have added a healthy support to our economy… but, they have not let up with their self-serving activism.”

“What do you mean?” Gallio asks.

Claudius breathes out a heavy sigh. “The Senate has made many concessions for the Jews over the years,” Claudius says. “They have allowed them to worship here in Rome and in every other major city throughout the empire. They allowed them to uphold their Sabbath Law and the freedom to celebrate their annual festivals, even for slaves. They even created legislation to allow Jews to send money back to Jerusalem for temple improvements. If that wasn’t enough, the Jews refused to be conscripted into the military, so the Senate made concessions there as well. Furthermore, the Senate offered certain protections on a local level for the Jewish ways of life against hostile neighbors who sought to antagonize them.” 

Claudius stops again, turns to Gallio and says. “Remember, these Jewish enclaves are found in just about every pocket throughout the Roman world. They moved in and insisted upon keeping their own rules of living, without adapting to the local culture. Consequently, many within these local cultures have found these atheists to be unbending and contentious. Who would want them for a neighbor when they move in next door and refuse to be neighborly?”

“Okay.” Gallio ponders aloud. “So they’re a bit peculiar. What…”

Finishing his question, Claudius interrupts. “What would precipitate us to send them away?”

Gallio nods.

“Gallio,” Claudius says. “I hope you find me to be a temperate man. What I have lacked in physical capacity or in personal charm, I have made up for in being both fair in my dealings with others and strategic for Rome’s sake.”

Watching Gallio nod his head, Claudius continues. “With the concessions I mentioned plus a series of other concessions I haven’t, the Jews have become more assertive in their recruitment and their activism, even to the point of strife within the Jewish community itself.”

“I don’t understand.” Gallio replies.

“Not only do they wish us to bend our policies to meet their demands, they have greatly increased their recruiting efforts.” Claudius replies. “But, it appears their recruiting efforts have caused them some internal strife.”

“How so?” Gallio asks.

“At first, we heard rumblings of infighting.” Claudius says. “In regions throughout Rome where there are large Jewish communities, Jews have brought their internal disputes to local civic authorities to resolve, often with a lynch mob in tow. Riots have happened in Alexandria, Thessalonica, Asia, Carthage… And, more recently, we’ve seen them happen right here in Rome.”

“My lord,” Gallio asks. “Is this the reason for expulsion?”

“For a season, my friend.” Claudius confides. “Until they can learn to behave themselves.”

“What about the other cities? Will you expel the Jews from those cities as well?” Gallio persists.

Claudius walks over to a terrace and stares at the Circus Maximus below. Turning around, he then looks down at the ground before meeting Gallio’s eyes. “Let’s hope it doesn’t come to that.” Becoming more upbeat, Claudius continues. “Enough about that. Let’s talk about your assignment.”

“Yes, my lord.” Gallio responds.

Grabbing both of the shoulders of the man in front of him, Claudius smiles and says. “My dear friend, I know you wish to be home, but…”

Gallio breathes out an imperceptible sigh and masks his disappointment.

Keeping Gallio’s shoulders high, Claudius reasons. “Achaea needs you. You know we have vested mining interests there, and it has been without healthy leadership for more than a decade.” His face softens and continues. “Achaea is a good gig, you know this.”

“Yes. It is.” Gallio responds. 

“It knows peace, it’s much warmer than any germanic front or anything you’ll find in Gaul or Brittain.” Claudius offers. “Hey, it’s Corinth! Anything goes there. The temperate mediterranean climate and lifestyle. You will make an exceptional proconsul, my friend.”

“As you wish, my liege.” Gallio offers. “I will rule as if you were there yourself.”

“Then it is done.” Claudius resolves. “Come, let us celebrate.”

Walking up to the work area of the tentmaker, Paul examines the temporary structures propped up around the kiosk. 

Inserting stitch after stitch with his latest tent, the tentmaker squints to see the man closely evaluating his craftsmanship. 

“See anything you can’t do without?” The tentmaker asks. 

“I’ll take all of it.” Paul playfully responds. 

“Great.” The tentmaker replies. “You’ll take all of this off my hands right now then? Just pull your carriage around. We’ll load it up.”

Paul laughs and says, “Yeah, that would be your lucky day.”

Hearing a voice come from behind, Paul startles and turns around to see a woman.

“He’ll sell you an aqueduct if given the chance.” The woman teases. “Have you agreed to take everything yet?”

“Shhhhhh.” The tentmaker says while looking straight at Paul. “Don’t listen to her. Besides, we don’t have an aqueduct.” He looks back at the woman and asks. “Right? Maybe I just misplaced it. Hey hon, where’s that aqueduct? I placed it right over…”

The woman shakes her head while Paul laughs at the spectacle.

“You two a team?” Paul asks. “You should really think of doing comedy.”

“Why not?” The tentmaker says. “I don’t seem to be doing too well as a tentmaker.”

“No?” Paul asks. He holds up a patch of material and examines the thread work. “You have nice work here.”

Watching Paul carefully assess his work, the tentmaker eyes Paul and asks, “You’re familiar with tentmaking?”

The woman says, “We’re new to Corinth. Just trying to get the word out, you know?”

“Oh?” Paul asks. “Where are you from?”

Answering at the same time, both give different responses. 

“Pontus.” He says.

“Rome.” She says.

“Yeah, that about clears it up for me.” Paul says as he shrugs his shoulders. “Comedy is your thing.”

The tentmaker laughs. “Go figure, hon, we’re funny even when we’re not even trying.”

“Paul.” Paul offers. “And, yes I too am a tentmaker by trade.”

“Aquila.” The tentmaker says. “This is my wife, Priscilla. We’ve come from Rome, though not exactly by choice.”

Paul slowly nods his head with new understanding. “You are Jewish then.”

Priscilla and Aquila look at each other and then back at Paul. 

Opening the door to reveal a small apartment living space, Aquila scratches his head and says. “It’s not much, as you can see.”

Paul looks up at the large, unsteady beam above them and asks, “I’m guessing somebody lives above you?” 

Priscilla makes her way in and replies. “Two more floors above us.”

“One snap, and we’ll all get real cozy like.” Aquila says with a chuckle. “Maybe we would do better to stay in one of our own tents.”

“Yeah, outside the city gates sounds like a great idea, hon.” Priscilla responds. “Maybe we would survive the night. Anything goes out there.”

Aquila waves her off.

“I’m still grateful that you’re willing to take me in for a short while.” Paul says. 

“How could we not?” Aquila responds. “It’s what we do with our fellow sojourners.”

Pouring wine from a larger jug into three small mugs, Priscilla sets several cushions around the small room and says, “Now… let’s get to know each other a bit. Where did you say you were from?”

We’re going to stop here for today.

Paul makes his way into Corinth and meets up with husband and wife, Priscilla and Aquila, who were recently expelled from Rome under a recent ruling from Emperor Claudius. As the narrative suggests, the Roman attitude towards the Jews was mostly that of indifference. While this is not the first time Rome had expelled a Jewish enclave out from a Roman city–Roman leaders had done this at least two other times within a window of about 100 years. Even Claudius threatened Jewish expulsion out from Alexandria some nine years earlier (around AD 41).

While it appears to be clear that when Messianic ministers proclaimed the resurrection of Jesus in the local synagogues, much like Paul was doing in Greece, some of the Jews did not respond positively. In some instances, much like what happened in Thessalonica, Damascus, or Antioch Pisidium, mobs were formed to eradicate the Christian ministers and their new recruits. As rioting would break out, the civil authorities would then have to muscle their way in and quell the issue. One such way to resolve the problem? You guessed it… Kick out the Jews.

While many stuck around on the outskirts of Rome… after all, their livelihoods and families were nearby… some moved away altogether and relocated to other Roman cities. Due to one of the many waves of the Jewish Diaspora–many Jews were taken into slavery and brought back to Rome after Pompey captured Jerusalem some 100 years earlier. They had since earned their freedom and settled into Roman life, forming synagogues and Jewish communities, some of which were quite large. This resettling happened in Rome and larger cities throughout the empire and its client states. So, Jewish communities could be found just about anywhere.

What’s curious, is while it is likely that the Jews in Rome were reacting to the missionary efforts of those who proclaimed Jesus as Messiah, they were expelled before–prior to Messiah coming onto the scene. As I mentioned earlier, Rome’s attitude towards the Jews was that of indifference. Sure, they were regarded as quirky atheists who negated all of Grecko-Roman worship and lived under a totally different way of thinking. While today we wouldn’t regard monotheism as atheism, but that’s how they were perceived back then. 

But getting back to their multiple expulsions… the Jews were booted out of Rome before. Why? While modern and ancient historians alike are at odds with the reasoning here–sometimes weeding through the accounts of historians can be challenging–it is likely that Tiberius did not like the evangelistic Judaising of his citizenry, especially when Jews were fairly adamant that they would not serve time in the military. Interestingly enough, the Jews were quite evangelistic about converting Gentiles. Also interesting, the converted Gentiles made up most of those coming to faith in Jesus during this time in the early church. They were introduced to the Jewish God and found it easy to identify Messiah after arriving on the scene.

So Jewish expulsion did not only come as a result of the Christ following evangelists. It happened well before Jesus stepped onto the scene. One thing is for certain: The Jews were already considered as irritants in the eyes of the Romans. 

Back to Paul… As he seeks to get settled in Corinth–he’ll stay here for well over a year–he happens upon both Aquila and Priscilla who are trying to start their lives over in Corinth, after being driven out of Rome. This includes starting their business over from scratch and financially struggling along the way. Yet, Jewish hospitality is an important part of their upbringing, so upon meeting Paul, they take him in and begin to discover just who it is they are housing.

Starting over is never easy… especially after being driven out of another locale. While they could have remained on the outskirts of Rome and waited out Claudius’ local ruling, they opted to start fresh in Corinth, a huge city of commerce and trade at this time. Corinth is where the East met the West, so what better place to reestablish one’s business? 

If anyone felt what it’s like to lose, it was Aquila and Priscilla. While they were likely to be a younger couple, say in their late twenties or early thirties, they were also forced to stop their business in Rome and relocate to another city. This means that whatever success they had built over the years would have been forfeited. That said, it is likely that they did not relocate alone. Some who were like minded and wanting a fresh start would have moved with them. 

Community was the name of the survival game in this era. Without community, survival would have been much tougher! No public service helps… no welfare programs… no relocation specialists to help guide with the moving process… no family awaiting at their destination city… Just the clothes on their backs, a few items to take with them, and a community around them was enough to sustain Aquila and Priscilla.

Let’s talk a little more about community. I think we inherently understand how living in isolation can negatively affect us. Now more than ever, especially in light of living in a world impacted by a global pandemic, we see the threat of living in isolation. While I think it’s helpful to spend time away from the noise that comes from outside sources, extended isolation causes me to live in fear. Humanity living in extended isolation gives way to unchecked and ultimately distorted thinking. 

My wife and I bounce a lot of things off of each other. When I become frustrated at the little annoyances that happen around the home, say… oh I don’t know… my kids not cleaning up after themselves… I can tend to lash out and do damage to the relationship I have with each one of my family members. Should I continue to lash out unchecked by my lovely wife, I tend to become fixated on the annoyance and seek to extinguish the problem with a less than helpful approach. At a certain point, my wife needs to run interference by taking me aside and challenging me to come up with a better solution. 

I just wanted the problem to go away; whereas, Vee wanted me to understand that these annoyances are caused by people I love and care for. Should I wish to keep these relationships healthy, then I would do well to come up with a more friendly approach. Yes, this is a huge benefit of having a healthy family intact. Had I been left alone to deal with my frustrations, the outcome would’ve been quite different. Vee in my life has made all the difference. That’s what a healthy family does. That’s what a healthy community does. 

We need community! People around us who want God’s best for us.

Healthy communities have some important things going for them. While compiling a list of these aspects could be a bit lengthy, here is one important thing you should know about when identifying a healthy community.

Thirst for the Kingdom of Heaven

Healthy community is made up of those who long for the Kingdom of Heaven. This means a healthy community will be made up of those who put aside their own wants and look after the needs of others. It offers safety to those who are wounded, shunned, or otherwise rejected. We all go through seasons of pain, and some can cope with hardship better than others. To have a people that we may connect with, without being further wounded is a treasure. While this sounds great, it’s much more challenging than meets the eye, in part because as human beings, we are easily tempted into causing hurt in the lives of others. Ironic right? We don’t want to be hurt by others, yet we have no problem hurting them. 

The apostle James shares the ironic nature of this very issue by pointing out the “tongue” as a deadly weapon. 

People can tame all kinds of animals, birds, reptiles, and fish, but no one can tame the tongue. It is restless and evil, full of deadly poison. Sometimes it praises our Lord and Father, and sometimes it curses those who have been made in the image of God. And so blessing and cursing come pouring out of the same mouth. Surely, my brothers and sisters, this is not right! Does a spring of water bubble out with both fresh water and bitter water? Does a fig tree produce olives, or a grapevine produce figs? No, and you can’t draw fresh water from a salty spring

— James 3:7-12

We get what he’s talking about. We have no problem spouting both encouragement and criticism out of the same breath. It’s a reflection of what’s really happening inside of us. We have a heart problem, right? Jesus said it this way:

“It’s not what goes into your mouth that defiles you; you are defiled by the words that come out of your mouth… “Don’t you understand yet?” Jesus asked. “Anything you eat passes through the stomach and then goes into the sewer. But the words you speak come from the heart—that’s what defiles you. For from the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, all sexual immorality, theft, lying, and slander.

— Matthew 15:11, 16-19

Here’s the trick. I’m often unaware that I’m causing pain in the lives of others by the words that come out of my mouth. Should somebody criticize my criticisms, I’ll then turn to criticize them and the bottom falls out from our relationship. So what happens if we surround ourselves with a bunch of people like this? Yikes, right!?! While a healthy community will have folks like this, it will also have other folks who have walked before us, having been down a similar road. They’ve seen the scorched earth results of what it means to hurt others and have learned that there is a better way, a Spirit driven way. 

So, how do we create a healthy community? Here are two great passages share God’s solutions to this very human issue:

First, God created a new community where his people may be with one another to learn of His ways and fulfill what he has designed them to be. He gave this community gifted individuals who build into the community and take it to a new level of joy and encouragement–where they may remove their old ways of functioning and discover how God wants us to function as those under His care.

Now these are the gifts Christ gave to the church: the apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, and the pastors and teachers. Their responsibility is to equip God’s people to do his work and build up the church, the body of Christ. This will continue until we all come to such unity in our faith and knowledge of God’s Son that we will be mature in the Lord, measuring up to the full and complete standard of Christ. Then we will no longer be immature like children. We won’t be tossed and blown about by every wind of new teaching. We will not be influenced when people try to trick us with lies so clever they sound like the truth. Instead, we will speak the truth in love, growing in every way more and more like Christ, who is the head of his body, the church. He makes the whole body fit together perfectly. As each part does its own special work, it helps the other parts grow, so that the whole body is healthy and growing and full of love.

With the Lord’s authority I say this: Live no longer as the Gentiles do, for they are hopelessly confused. Their minds are full of darkness; they wander far from the life God gives because they have closed their minds and hardened their hearts against him. They have no sense of shame. They live for lustful pleasure and eagerly practice every kind of impurity.

But that isn’t what you learned about Christ. Since you have heard about Jesus and have learned the truth that comes from him, throw off your old sinful nature and your former way of life, which is corrupted by lust and deception. Instead, let the Spirit renew your thoughts and attitudes. Put on your new nature, created to be like God—truly righteous and holy.

— Ephesians 4:11-24

Second, God did not just leave us to function as frail and corrupt humanity. Left to our own devices, we would only see the results of a divisive and hurtful community. But God did not leave us to our own devices. He gave Christ followers the Holy Spirit as a deposit for what is ahead in the Kingdom of Heaven. As we aim to be directed by the Spirit of God, we will want what He wants for us. We will throw aside our own desires and the strife that comes with selfish desires and take on God’s wishes for us. As we do, we will begin to see the life that God wants for us. Furthermore, we will simply see life as God wishes us to see for ourselves and for others.

So I say, let the Holy Spirit guide your lives. Then you won’t be doing what your sinful nature craves. The sinful nature wants to do evil, which is just the opposite of what the Spirit wants. And the Spirit gives us desires that are the opposite of what the sinful nature desires. These two forces are constantly fighting each other, so you are not free to carry out your good intentions. But when you are directed by the Spirit, you are not under obligation to the law of Moses.

When you follow the desires of your sinful nature, the results are very clear: sexual immorality, impurity, lustful pleasures, idolatry, sorcery, hostility, quarreling, jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish ambition, dissension, division, envy, drunkenness, wild parties, and other sins like these. Let me tell you again, as I have before, that anyone living that sort of life will not inherit the Kingdom of God.

But the Holy Spirit produces this kind of fruit in our lives: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. There is no law against these things!

Those who belong to Christ Jesus have nailed the passions and desires of their sinful nature to his cross and crucified them there. Since we are living by the Spirit, let us follow the Spirit’s leading in every part of our lives. Let us not become conceited, or provoke one another, or be jealous of one another.

— Galatians 5:16-26

While there is much more to developing a healthy community, I think this is a good start. Imagine a community of people who longed for the Kingdom of Heaven and God’s desires for one another–a people who placed aside their own wants to help others in their times of needs. Now that’s a community worth checking out.

May you see your need for community and get involved with people that you know will love you like God loves you. And with that, let’s move forward… together.

Stunted Growth (Paul in Corinth)

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Timothy travels back to Thessalonica to check in with the church there, Silas stays in Athens to follow up with the newly forming group of believers there, and Paul moves on to Corinth to introduce the good news about Jesus being raised from the dead and reconciling humanity to God.

Acts 18:1; Luke 6:6-11; Matthew 12:9-14; Mark 3:1-6

Drying themselves from their ritual baths, the small band of young men banter amongst themselves while sitting on a nearby boulder. 

“Wait!” One of the young men asks while holding his hands out in protest. “Are you saying you could jump off of the roof of that synagogue and not break your legs? Tell me that’s not what you’re saying, Philip.”

Assessing the height of the building in front of them, Philip slightly nods his head and finally replies. “I could make it.”

The guys jeer. “No way. Get out of here. You would have to go back to your mama.”

“What?” Philip cries defensively. “You don’t think I could do it? I can…”

“There’s no way you would make it, man.” Another interrupts while laughing. “We’d have to carry you for the rest of your life.”

“I ain’t doing that.” Jacob says. “He’s way too heavy.”

More jeering and laughter ensue. “That’s right… back to mommy.”

“So, these are the ones who are going to change the world, huh?” Jesus asks into the air and sighs. Rolling his eyes at the horseplay, he then glances over at the mikvah and sees a man struggling to dress himself. Studying further, he notices the man looking around… nervously… uncomfortably.

“Ahhh, there you are, teacher.” A voice calls out from behind him.

Jesus looks back in surprise to see several well dressed and groomed men pressing in next to him. Blinded by the sun, he shields his eyes to see those who are immediately in front of him. Saying nothing, Jesus then looks into the eyes of the man who called out.

“Yes.” The man replies. “Well, it’s a pleasure to have you with us today, Rabbi.” 

Jesus stares at the man.

Suddenly feeling awkward, the man looks at the others standing with him and finally admits. “I must say that you had shared some very curious things with us yesterday… very curious indeed.”

Jesus stays silent.

“So.” The man continues. “It must be the will of the Lord that we find you here in our synagogue today. We will be truly blessed to hear you teach us today, Rabbi… And, we’re especially curious to hear your position about the Sabbath, as you know the rules of the Sabbath are clear.” He then pauses for a response.

Raising his eyebrows at this statement, Jesus then looks to his left to see the same man who struggled while getting dressed from his ritual bath heading his way at the insistence of two escorts. He then looks back into the eyes of the man in front of him and slightly nods. “I’m sure you are.” He finally responds.

The man then barks out to the man with a withered hand. “Show him your arm. Raise it high for all to see.”

Jesus looks up at the disfigured arm and then directly into the eyes of the humiliated man holding it up.  

“Tell us, Rabbi.” Another well groomed man asks. “Is it lawful to heal a man on the Sabbath?”

Jesus looks back at his questioner and then over at the young men quietly observing the exchange. “Gentlemen,” He says. “Let’s go inside.”

“We asked you a question!” Another well dressed man makes his way in front of the group. 

Peter’s eyes grow wide, as do the other young men beside him.

John leans over and whispers into Peter’s ear: “Hey, who is that?”

“One of Herod’s staffers.” He quietly replies.

“You have garnered the attention of Jerusalem.” The man bellows. “We have traveled some distance to hear from you, and we will not be brushed aside as the mindless rabble you normally associate yourself with.”

The first man lifts up his hands and says, “Let him be. We’ll have our moment.”

Passing under the city gates on the Cardo Maximus, Paul turns around to absorb the city walls that extend on either side. “Each city seems to outdo the other.” He utters to himself.

A tap comes on his shoulders from behind, Paul then quickly turns around to see a gangly man in front of him. “Whoa.” Paul says. “I didn’t see you coming.”

“Yes.” The man replies. “I did sneak right up on you, didn’t I.” He sizes Paul up and down and says. “You are new to Corinth, yes?”

“I am.” Paul replies. 

“Yes! I knew it.” The man exclaims. “Welcome to our beautiful city, which is unlike any other city in the world. My name is Linus, and I would very much like to orient you to our city.”

“Ahhh, okay.” Paul says with new understanding. “Well, I do kind of like getting a feel for a city on my own, but right now, I’m extremely thirsty.”

“Come… come with me right away!” Linus exclaims. “I will show you a fountain nearby. It’s just before the bend in the road. I’ll show you, I’ll show you! Come with me right now.”

“Okay, okay…” Paul laughs. “I’ll go with you.”

Walking alongside the heavily trafficked road, Paul takes note of the various merchants that operate out of their permanently cemented kiosks on the right side of the road. 

Interrupting Paul’s train of thought, Linus points ahead. “You see the acropolis.”

Taking in the monolithic mountain in front of them, Paul asks: “How could I miss it?”

“Acrocorinth.” Linus replies. “Briareus, the giant with fifty heads and a hundred arms, acted as a mediator in an argument between Poseidon, the god of the sea, and Helios, the god of the sun.”

“Okay.” Paul replies. “I’m guessing the two were arguing about who possesses the land?”

“Yes… yes.” Linus says while enthusiastically nodding his head.

“So, what did Briareus decide?” Paul asks. 

“Acrocorinth would belong to Helios.” Linus explains while turning to point towards the sea behind them. “And, the Isthmus would belong to Poseidon.”

“Briareus sounds like he was a shrewd operator.” Paul comments.

“Oh yes.” Linus replies. “He was partly responsible for helping Zeus and the other Olympians to overthrow the Titans.”

“You are a spring of insight.” Paul says with a smile.

“Well, this is my home and has been all my life.” Linus muses, as the two walk through an entryway overshadowed by two gilded chariots. Passing a bronze statue, they finally arrive at a nearby fountain set in marble. “The Spring of Pirene flows out from the upper spring located way up there, behind the walls of the Acrocorinth. Please…” Linus gestures at Paul to drink from it.

Paul takes a moment to refresh himself while Linus continues. 

“Poets often come here for inspiration. Yes… Much history with this fountain.” Linus pointificates. “This spring has been frequently visited by Pegasus and the Muses alike.” Linus shares. “It is one of Corinth’s greatest treasures, though it has a history of its own.”

“It sure sounds like it.” Paul responds.

“Pirene lost her son who was killed by Artemis.” Linus explains sorrowfully. “She cried incessantly. There was no end to her grief. Legend has it that her lament gave permanent way to the spring itself.”

“Thank you for this.” Paul finally says as he begins to stand. Seeing Linus’ hand extended, he grabs onto it and pulls himself up. “You have been quite a resourceful guide, and for that I’m grateful.”

Surprised at the thought that his tour guide service is already ending, Linus suggests. “But, we haven’t even scratched the surface of everything found in this city.”

“I know.” Paul replies. “I have walked a long way to get here, and quite frankly, I’m beat.”

“Yes… I believe you are, my friend.” Linus concedes.

“If you don’t mind…” Paul gestures back towards the Cardo Maximus. “Feel free to walk me back to the merchant booths. I saw a tentmaker that I would like to meet.”

“Aquila?” Linus asks in surprise. “Why would you want to meet with him? He isn’t from here. He’s one of those Jews who was driven out of Rome. Now, he’s encroaching on us.”

“That’s good to know.” Paul replies. “I would like to meet him nonetheless.”

As the Hazzan places the prophetic scroll back into a chest, he looks up at the crowd of people staring back at him. He smiles over at Jesus and says, “Seeing how our beloved rabbi has returned to us on this blessed day of the Lord, it is without a doubt that we would love to hear from him, yes?”  

“So be it!” Say a number of both men and women alike.

Walking up to the front, Jesus notes the well dressed men standing by the doors leading outside. 

Monitoring those about the room, the men finally stare back at the lone figure standing in its middle.

Taking a few steps towards the men, Jesus gazes at them and asks. “Let’s suppose for a moment, shall we?” He continues: “Let’s say it’s a Sabbath day much like today. You’re preparing to go to synagogue, like everyone does on a Sabbath day. And, on your way out, you see one of your sheep has fallen headlong into a ditch. It is stuck and will likely die if you don’t go and rush to help.”

The men glare back with stone faces.

“There you are.” Jesus says. “You’re faced with quite the dilemma now, right? Who among you would not go and rescue your sheep out of fear of the Sabbath Law?” He lets this poignant question float around the room.

Jesus briefly glances down at the man with the withered hand seated on the floor in front of the others.

He then looks back up at the men behind him and asks: “In this instance, I ask you. Is it lawful to good or to do harm on the Sabbath?

The men do not flinch.

Grimacing at their silent protest, Jesus then points at the man seated in front of them and says, “You, get up. Come here.”

The man with the deformed hand looks around at the men towering above him and sees their leader staring back at him. 

“Well, boy.” The man says. “Do as the rabbi says.”

After a brief struggle to stand, the man walks towards the middle of the room.

Seeing the man walk towards him, Jesus asks the room: “What’s the better option, hmmm? Shall we save a life, or shall we simply let it struggle and die without doing anything for fear of breaking the Law? In that instance, are we not destroying the life we neglect to help?” 

Jesus then looks directly at the man standing in front of him and commands. “Stretch out your hand.”

We’re going to stop here for today…

Fearing the rapidly growing movement of Jesus followers, the religious and political leaders of Jerusalem made their way here to a small synagogue in the Galilee region to confront Jesus for unlawful behavior. Their goal was to build a case and indict Jesus on his flagrant breach of the Law. Yes, this was a trap to publicly humiliate Jesus and quell a movement that was rapidly getting out of hand.

Perhaps the most glaring of ironies here is how they willfully ignore the power of God happening right in front of them when Jesus fully restores the man’s hand. How does anyone miss that?

But, they didn’t care. In fact, the religious leaders expected Jesus to heal the man and would use this moment as the basis for building their case against him. If that’s not crazy enough, shortly afterwards, Jesus then healed a demon possessed man, who was both blind and unable to speak, right in front of them. Did they ignore that as well? Curiously, they acknowledged the healing of the man, but they did not attribute this to the work of God in front of them. To do so would have required them to acknowledge not only the power of God coming through this man they hated beyond measure but his teachings as well. Instead, they flat out rejected Jesus and labeled him as the prince of demons.

What do you do when the truth and power of God confronts you, and you discount these as utter nonsense? Even to the point of rejecting what God deems as good and calling it evil?

Paul experiences the same issue when he arrives in Corinth and shares the Gospel, as we will discover in the coming episodes. The message of Christ being crucified for humanity’s sin problem and raised from the dead is understood as foolish to many, but it is the power of God for those who are being saved.

The message of the cross is foolish to those who are headed for destruction! But we who are being saved know it is the very power of God. As the Scriptures say,

“I will destroy the wisdom of the wise

and discard the intelligence of the intelligent.”

So where does this leave the philosophers, the scholars, and the world’s brilliant debaters? God has made the wisdom of this world look foolish. Since God in his wisdom saw to it that the world would never know him through human wisdom, he has used our foolish preaching to save those who believe. It is foolish to the Jews, who ask for signs from heaven. And it is foolish to the Greeks, who seek human wisdom. So when we preach that Christ was crucified, the Jews are offended and the Gentiles say it’s all nonsense.

But to those called by God to salvation, both Jews and Gentiles, Christ is the power of God and the wisdom of God. This foolish plan of God is wiser than the wisest of human plans, and God’s weakness is stronger than the greatest of human strength.

— 1 Corinthians 1:18-24

Here’s a quick takeaway: When so convinced of being right, I am likely to miss out on a God moment. Even the most steadfastly religious men on earth who were deeply devout to keeping the Law of God missed out on this reality. How much more likely are we to do the same?

Our problem? We hear truth and we latch on to what we hear. While that’s a good starting place, we fail to keep this same mindset for the long haul and our growth is stunted. Over time, we tend to get lazy in our study and assume that we know it all. We begin to relax on the truth we previously understood from Scripture and become somewhat prideful in thinking that we understand all of the angles involved. When in fact, maybe we heard one angle and not the thirty others that could better shape our understanding of a matter.

Should somebody share an angle that we’re not familiar with, we might become offended, dismiss any future ideas that come out from this person’s mouth, and flat out reject him altogether. 

As a side note, there are those who wish to do harm to the ideas that we believe, and they may be teaching with false information that gives little justice to the truth surrounding a passage. And, yes, we should be able to spot their false teachings and point out how they are straying away from God’s revealed will about Himself and our core beliefs. 

But we also would do well to be truth seekers at all times, ever learning and ever being shaped by the wisdom of God. We should become lifelong students of Jesus, ever realizing our own limited understandings of the manifold wisdom of God revealed through Jesus and his immediate followers (Ephesians 3:10). Do the work. Stay open. Stay thirsty. Work the angles!

Understand the richness of not only the bible itself but the assumed framework undergirding Scripture at the times when it was originally penned. This means doing the shovel work needed to best understand the world and culture that shaped the environment surrounding Scripture itself. This includes learning the history, geography, cultural norms, political issues, social structures, business life, family life, present threats to everyday thinking, etc. All of these issues were commonly known and felt by just about everyone in the first century. Today, some twenty centuries later, we have morphed in many ways and have long since been divorced from the complexities of the many cultural norms found in Rome in the 1st Century. 

Incidentally, this is a huge reason why this podcast exists, where you may capture a glimpse of what life was like for Jesus followers in the church in the first Century. 

May you be open to the complexities of Scripture that sources itself out from the God who has chosen to reveal Himself to humanity. Refuse to let your growth be stunted. Instead, may you be open to the wisdom of God by getting back to Scripture in First Century Rome.

Be The Judge (Paul in Athens)

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Paul addresses a crowd of philosophers, elite thinkers, and even a judge at the Areopagus… You may know it as Mars Hill. 

Acts 17:19-33; 1 Corinthians 15:3-5; Deuteronomy 19:15-21

“Attention! Attention!” Comes a plea from a lanky, middle aged man. 

A dozen heads shift away from the man who had been teaching. Shielding their eyes from the sun suspended directly behind the abnormally lean figure, they try to make out who is disturbing them.

“You there!” The figure exclaims to the teacher, as he moves between him and the rest of those in the circle. “Stop speaking. We’ve heard enough from you today.”

“Hey!” a student blurts out. “You can’t just…”

Interrupting, the herald responds. “Oh believe me. He’s yet another Stoic who has little more to offer you than the rest of these miscreants.”

“What audacity… for you to trample into the middle of our session and insult us!” Another cries out.

“Yes, yes.” The thin man retorts, as he addresses a newly interested and amassing crowd. “Yet another Stoic confused within his own virtue.” He mocks. “He’s saying… “Uh, I’m angry, but displaying any sort passion goes against my ability to reason.”” He shakes his head at the notion and sighs.

“Sit down, Ezio!” Jeers another. “What use are you to us? You’re not blocking the sun at all. Your rope-like figure can’t even cast a shadow for us.”

The others laugh, while Ezio deadpans at the lunacy.

“So this is what you’re reduced to.” Ezio says while shaking his head. “Listen, you sophomoric and pretentious academics–and I use the term ‘academic’ loosely! I have brought someone here who was teaching some very different ideas down at the agora–someone I think you may be interested in hearing.” He then looks up at Paul standing on the ridge of the rock-faced Areopagus. “Please, sir. Would you share with us?”

Hearing laughter from the crowd accumulating on the other side of the ridge, the judge looks up to see the four men who just walked by him join in with the larger group. 

Craning his neck further so as to stretch it out, the judge says to three individuals nearby. “I’m sorry, folks. Let’s take a break. I’ve got to get my body moving for a bit.”

Stretching his back as he stands himself up, the judge grimaces, surprised with how sore his lower back feels. “I shouldn’t let myself sit for so long.” He mutters to himself. “After all, the lawsuits aren’t going anywhere. Yes… I need to take more stretch breaks.”  

More laughter and jeering come from the other side of the ridge.

The judge steps away from his rock and begins to hike up to the ridge.

The three awaiting their trial watch him walk away from them. “Where is he going?” One of them asks in annoyance. “I want to get this over with.”

Turning back to see their less than pleased expressions, the Judge waves back. “Men, you’ll be heard when I return.”

“Yeah?” One of the men says as he throws up his hands. “And, when will that be?”

Watching Ezio settle down the hecklers around him, Paul looks over at Silas and Timothy and wonders aloud. “What is it about this that just doesn’t feel right?”

Silas pats Paul on the shoulder and quietly responds, “You’re next on today’s menu.”

Paul smirks and nods. “Yeah, that sounds about right, Silas.” He says.

“Sit down, Ezio!” Someone in the crowd yells out. “What use are you to us? You’re not blocking the sun at all…”

As Paul continues to lean into their small huddle, he says with a sigh. “Yes… I’m today’s entertainment.” 

The three listen in, as Ezio addresses the crowd below. “…Someone I think you may be interested in hearing.” 

“Well…” Paul utters. “Lord, I don’t know what you’re going to do with this, but…”

“Please, sir. Would you share with us?” Ezio says while meeting eyes with Paul’s.

Leaning over to whisper into Timothy’s ear, Paul says. “All of this reminds me. We need to get you back to Thessalonica right away. We have a fire there that needs to be stoked. Let’s talk about this more when I get done here.” He smiles and walks towards the center of the group.

Timothy lets out a heavy breath, as he watches Paul walk away.

Silas grabs onto Timothy’s left shoulder, smiles, and says. “Hey, you like walking, remember?”

Making his way down to the group, Paul draws in the attention of the amassing crowd that watches him walk up next to Ezio.

Ezio then projects to the group. “Yes… this is the man of the day.” He then looks at Paul and continues. “We would like to hear more about this… new teaching that you’re proclaiming. Yessss… You have quickly built a following of interested learners in the short time that you’ve been here, and you’re bringing some strange ideas to our ears. We would love to better understand what these ideas are and what they mean for us.” Ezio backs away from Paul to find a rock with which to settle himself. “Go on now.” He says. “Please enlighten us.”

With fifty plus faces staring back at him, Paul circles around to take in the Acropolis rising behind him. “Lord, please give me the words.” He prays.

Circling back to face his crowd, Paul looks up at his seated audience and shares. “Men of Athens…”

Watching Paul begin, Silas feels a movement of feet nearby. He looks up to see the faces of others emerging out from nowhere. He looks at Timothy and gestures around them. “Where are all these people coming from?” He asks.

Timothy takes notice and shrugs. “Like you said.” Timothy says. “He’s today’s menu item.”

“From the looks of it,” Paul says. “You are a deeply religious people, and you appear to hold an interest in just about every philosophical and religious idea out there. When it comes to these interests, you leave no stone unturned. While I was walking around the Acropolis,” He says while pointing to the numerous shrines and temples peppering the hill behind him, “I even noticed an altar with this inscription: To an unknown god. So, not only do the gods of Greece and nearby conquered lands get their share of your patronage–even some of the Caesars of Rome appeal to your insatiable appetites for worship. Moreover… just in case you haven’t covered all of your bases, you even worship an unknown god.”

The audience snickers at this.

“This unknown god that you worship as a fail-safe… And, you have no clue who this god is.” Paul shares. “Yes, this is the god I wish to proclaim to you. This unknown god is the god who created the world and everything in it. This unknown god is the Lord over all heaven and earth.” Paul says as he gestures in each direction. He turns around to take in the Temple of Athena directly behind him and continues. “He cannot be contained in temples made by the men who built them. Nor can humanity offer him anything of value. No, this unknown god that I speak of is the one who gives life to all things. He is the reason you are able to take a breath at this very moment. So, go ahead and take a deep breath and thank this unknown god for it.” Paul says as he smiles.

Standing directly behind Silas and Timothy, the judge rubs his face and suddenly becomes conscious of each breath he takes.

Paul continues: “This unknown god, of whom you give such little attention, made man and fashioned woman from this man. All the people of all the nations of the earth can trace themselves back to this first couple. This unknown god has also determined the lifespan of every human being, giving each person functional limitations…boundaries within which to live. Furthermore, this unknown god has imprinted upon us an inner thirst… for him. A thirst that would cause each one of us to seek him out. And, while we feel like we’re groping around in the dark in search of this god, this unknown god hasn’t left us to stumble. No, this unknown god has indeed made himself known to us. This unknown god isn’t outside of our reach. He isn’t far away on some distant mountain top. This unknown god is, in fact, interested in human affairs. Yes, he is nearby each one of us here, and he is very much alive and present, just as we are alive and present. After all, “In him we live, and move, and have our being.””  

“Epimenides.” Othello says, as he leans over and speaks into Ezio’s ear.

“No kidding.” Ezio sarcastically retorts.

“For even your own poets have said, “For we are also his children.”” Paul exclaims. “Think about it, folks. If we’re the living and breathing children of this unknown, uncontainable god, how is it that we reduce Him to an idol of gold, silver or stone?” Paul reaches down to pick up a small rock and holds it up for all to see.

He continues: “How is it that we think of this god as no more than a mere creation of a stone worker or a metalsmith, when we ourselves are alive and functioning? This rock is just that… a rock. You and I, on the other hand, are living proof of this god’s being. Shouldn’t we worship our creator instead of our creations?” Paul rhetorically asks and lets the question simmer.

“This is the unknown god I wish to present to you.” Paul shares. “And, it’s time for this unknown god to be made known among you. This God I proclaim to you has permitted your previous ignorance of Him, but now He is making it abundantly clear that you and all of humankind should repent. This God that is now becoming known among you will call all humanity to account when He returns to righteously judge the inhabited earth.”

The judge studies Paul, and a new thought enters into his mind. “Just as I am a judge to humanity… I will be held accountable by this god who will judge me.”

Silas and Timothy both survey the audience and wonder how Paul’s message is being received. Both shrug and turn their attention back to Paul.

“I suspect that you may be wondering how I know this unknown God?” Paul asks. “After all, what makes me so qualified to share such insights about this God I’m proclaiming before you? Moreover, what proof has this God offered to validate my claims? These are important questions, especially considering that we will be held accountable to this God that we’ve just been introduced to. We need to look no further than the Man that God has appointed to render judgment. God has authorized this man to be his agent of reconciliation to a world that hasn’t known Him. And, God has accomplished his work through this man who was severely tortured and killed by the very audience he wished to serve. Crucified as a common criminal, this man was wrapped and buried for three days… before God raised him from the dead. What better proof is needed than to show a world that fears the certainty of death–all humanity shares this fear by the way–by raising one from the dead to immortality?” 

“You can’t be serious!” Othello blurts out as he points over to the Acropolis. “Resurrection from the dead? Why that’s no different than the legends we’ve known for years. Asclepius is said to have been raised from the dead.”

“Yes, we are all familiar with the works of Homer.” Paul responds. “Asclepius was also understood to be a demigod, having a mortal mother and a divine father Apollo who raised him and gave him special healing gifts. And, curiously, Zeus ended up killing him once and for all, right?”

“Yes…” Othello begins. “But, there are many examples of resurrection like this.”

“No, there really aren’t.” Paul replies. “Nothing that includes mere mortal men like you or me or the rest of us here. No, for us mortal human beings… we arrive, we live, we die, and we entrust our afterlives to whomever or whatever is out there. Whether we live lives of privilege or lives of hardship, the result is the same. Death eventually will have the upper hand. But what I speak of here… yes, this is different. A mere mortal man like you and me has been raised from the dead. And, here is the clincher: More than five hundred of us personally witnessed this happen, most of whom are still alive and well today and proclaiming the very same message I share with you now.”

“You take us as fools?” Xander quips as he stands in protest. He looks around at the others seated nearby and assumes that he speaks for them as well. “We are simply to believe what you’re telling us? Might I remind you that the ideas shared here shape the world that influences the far reaches of the earth.”

“Sit down, Xander!” Ezio scorns. “He rightfully shall count you the fool should you not give a fair hearing.” Standing to divert attention from Xander, Ezio then continues. “I for one would like to hear you further regarding this, if for nothing but to better understand where you’re coming from.” He looks around to see if any of those seated are in agreement. 

Some nod their heads.

“Back for more?” A voice calls out.

Watching his step while climbing the face of the boulder, Paul looks up to see a familiar face of a man smiling back at him and extending out an arm to hoist him up. Grabbing his hand, Paul finds a place to step and reposition himself. He dusts himself off and looks at the man in front of him. “You’re the judge.”

“Dionysias.” The man says. “And, yes… I’m the judge.”

Silence ensues for a moment before Dionysias continues. “You know I heard you yesterday.” He says. “My life work is to unearth the truth behind any matter presented before me. Some accuse me of taking way too much time with each case, but I have found that things rarely turn out as how they first appeared to be. With the right amount of leverage applied from various lines of questioning, I can often deduce what really took place in a court matter. But that requires patience and processing from my end.”

Paul nods his head and pauses to look around at the city below. Finally, he asks. “And, what have you deduced about what I shared yesterday?”

The judge smiles back at him. “Let’s just say, I’m processing.” He then looks over Paul’s shoulder and says, “We all are.”

Following the judge’s eyes, Paul turns to see several people behind him.

Walking together under the city gates, Paul and Silas turn and size up the younger Timothy next to them. 

“Timothy, I know this isn’t the easiest trip for you to be making alone.” Paul admits. “But, we have people who will feed you and house you along the way, so be sure to check in with them.”

Timothy nods. 

“You do know how important you are to me and our Lord, yes?” Paul asks.

“I do.” Timothy says. “It’s good that I’m being used this way. One thing is for certain. You keep me on both my feet and my toes.”

Paul laughs and says. “That goes for all of us.” Paul stretches his hand over Timothy’s head and pulls it against his own, while giving one last instruction. “Timothy. I’m very excited to hear how our Thessalonian friends are doing, especially in the light of being so harshly treated by their fellow townspeople. Please hasten to find out and get back to me. Teach them well, my son.”

“Will you be staying here?” Timothy asks, while looking back and forth between them.

“I don’t suspect I will be here for long.” Paul replies. “I want to visit Corinth and Achaea soon.” He looks over at Silas and continues. “But this guy will stick around to teach these folks for a time. When you return here, both of you can reconnect and make your way to Corinth.”

We’re going to stop here for today:

Mars Hill. This is where it all happened before some of Athen’s most elite thinkers and philosophers. While some immediately dismissed the notion of Jesus being raised from the dead, others seemed interested in learning more. 

Resurrection was not a foreign idea in the realm of mythology. Like a modern-day soap opera, gods and demigod-like figures would resurface at the most curious of times. Resurrecting the gods would often be used by storytellers to motivate certain ways of thinking among their already eager audiences. Wise to these devices, the more naturalistic philosophers, such as the Stoics or Epicureans, would have not been too enthusiastic to hear yet another resurrection story. So… when Paul presented the idea of Jesus being a resurrection figure, some immediately dismissed it as a work of fiction of mythological proportions. Been there… done that. But, not everybody would tune Paul out.

Jesus’ resurrection story would have sounded considerably different than the stories shared about the gods within Greek culture. Jesus’ resurrection centered around a 100% fully human being who, in his resurrected state, had been seen by many who were still alive during this time when Paul was preaching. Paul shares this reality with those in the church in Corinth:

For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received, that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, and that He was buried, and that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, and that He appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve. After that He appeared to more than five hundred brethren at one time, most of whom remain until now, but some have fallen asleep; then He appeared to James, then to all the apostles; and last of all, as to one untimely born, He appeared to me also. For I am the least of the apostles, and not fit to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God. 

— 1 Corinthians 15:3-5

Wow! More than five hundred who shared a common experience with the risen Jesus.

We may regard an individual’s testimony as suspect, especially if it goes against the grain of what we currently know and value. If it’s just one guy saying, “I had a god-experience, and this god told me to…” Insert crazy notion here.

If it can’t be verified in some manner, whether it be by more than one credible witness or maybe through an immediate life reversal, then rightfully so, we would do well to place the claim under a magnifying glass. In the case of Paul’s testimony, had his experience with the risen Jesus bare no resemblance to the experiences held by any of the other disciples, Paul would have been regarded as an untrustworthy individual. In fact, at first he was an untrustworthy individual. It was with this understanding that Paul sought to break the ice with the disciples he previously attacked and even killed. So, he personally visited Peter, James the Just, and John in Jerusalem on a few occasions to make sure they were all okay with him and on the same page (Acts 9:26-30; 15:12; Galatians 2:1-2).

But, more than five hundred similar testimonies have not only been verified for posterity’s benefit, they have been shared with hundreds of thousands of people within the first thirty years of the church’s existence. Think about it. Many of those proclaiming the resurrection of Jesus in the first Century were those who personally witnessed a tortured, then killed, then buried, and then a risen from the dead Jesus. 

After experiencing these moments with the risen Jesus–yes there were many more sightings than just one–these same followers later on would repeatedly deny their own interests and put their lives at risk for being so outspoken with their testimonies. For many of these first century Jesus ambassadors, including Paul himself, they willingly sacrificed their careers and even their tight relationships with family and friends to proclaim the risen Jesus. How do you undo what you’ve personally experienced?

This is a fairly compelling argument, especially when seen in concert with the larger framework of evidence surrounding the resurrection. Moreover, false witness was severely dealt with within Jewish culture–after all, bearing malicious witness goes against one the “big ten” commandments found in the Mosaic Law. Here’s what Moses said about bearing a false witness:

“A single witness shall not rise up against a man on account of any iniquity or any sin which he has committed; on the evidence of two or three witnesses a matter shall be confirmed. If a malicious witness rises up against a man to accuse him of wrongdoing, then both the men who have the dispute shall stand before the LORD, before the priests and the judges who will be in office in those days. The judges shall investigate thoroughly, and if the witness is a false witness and he has accused his brother falsely, then you shall do to him just as he had intended to do to his brother. Thus you shall purge the evil from among you. The rest will hear and be afraid, and will never again do such an evil thing among you. Thus you shall not show pity: life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

— Deuteronomy 19:15-21

Here we have five hundred Jewish people–raised in the same tight-knit culture and governed under the same Law–who shared a common experience before a risen Jesus and who knowingly placed their lives at risk because of their testimonies about him. So far, this proves to be a unique situation, especially when contrasted with a Greek storyteller who resurrects an old idea and brings it back to life.

Some of the other areas for consideration when putting all the “resurrection of Jesus” pieces together include the following: Roman crucifixion practices in First Century Palestine; The empty tomb itself and the failure to produce a corpse; The skepticism and transformation of the early disciples; The beginnings of the early church against all odds (This includes Paul’s transformation); the psychology and motivations of those who personally sacrifice much to follow… would they willingly unite and die together for a known lie? To add, we would want to look at: outside historical sources, especially the writings of critics who may have every interest to discredit someone; historian leanings and motivations for writing (both favorable and unfavorable writings help shed light on the larger puzzle). 

Anyway, there are probably other aspects surrounding the resurrection to consider, but I think this is a good place to wrap things up. If you would like to read more about the issues surrounding the resurrection, here’s a great read co-authored by Gary Habermas and Michael Licona, The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus.

Like a judge who addresses all the angles to better understand a case, may you work through all the angles surrounding the resurrection itself. Furthermore, may God encourage you to look more carefully at Jesus himself. With that, let’s move forward together.

Vilify (Paul in Athens)

Paul teaches a growing crowd of people in an Athenian marketplace. Some philosophers have observed Paul to be encroaching on their territory and feel that something needs to be done about it. 

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Acts 17:16-21; Matthew 5:3-14; Psalm 26

Three unintended consequences that emerge within us when feeling threatened

“Othello!” Ezio calls back from some twenty feet ahead. “Are you coming, or do we need to drag you along like a sack of potatoes?”

A bent over Othello wheezes. He then gestures at the impatient, wiry man ahead of him and does his best to catch up.

“I swear.” Ezio says. “Walking with you is like moving in a funeral procession–except that you’re… well, not… dead… yet”

Rolling his eyes, Othello retorts as he walks past a restless Ezio. “Oh, has his Lordship found me to be lacking yet again?” He catches his breath, as sweat drips down his cheeks. “Maybe you need to fill the shoes of Caesar himself. I’m sure he’ll give you a warm welcome. You should go check it out.”

“Neither sarcasm nor… evidently any form of physical fitness… is becoming of you.” Ezio counters. He then wonders… “Caesar Ezio does have a nice ring to it.”

Observing the crowd ahead, Othello sees two or three men clustered around at the fringes. Noticing two of them to be fellow Stoics, Othello waves and walks over to them. “Xander…Basil.” He says to acknowledge the two men nearby. 

“Hello, Othello.” Xander replies. “Come to watch the show?”

“Well…yes.” Othello replies, as Ezio joins in the huddle.

“Hello, my Stoic friends.” Ezio offers.

“Hi Ezio.” Xander snidely remarks. “How great it is to see you.”

Rolling his eyes at the less than courteous greeting, Ezio looks around at their surroundings, and abruptly says, “Well, we have a nice sized crowd here today, gentlemen. Is our illustrious teacher present?”

Xander smiles at his opportunity and says. “Either he is, or the crowd is waiting on pins and needles to hear you opine. Oh wait, you can only see their back sides.” He says with a smirk. 

“Yes, Xander,” Ezio dryly quips. “Thank you for the reminder of why I try to avoid you at all costs. Isn’t there a rock nearby so that you may creep back under from whence you came?” 

Interrupting their repartee, Basil points out: “Look, he’s brought two more with him.” 

The four peer around the assembled bodies to get a better look at Paul. 

“Yeeeesss.” Ezio observes, as he furrows his brow. “What is he talking about today?”

“I’m not sure. If you two would be quiet, I might be able to hear.” An irritated Basil replies, as he listens in. “I keep hearing something about a strange deity becoming a man.” He finally says.

Othello nods his head and interjects. “Yes. Yes, that’s exactly what I heard the other day when I came to check him out.”

Xander shakes his head and asks, “Look… this appears to be the idle babbling of a man who’s not right in the head. Get him to the Areopagus, and have him share his profundity before a much smarter crowd. Once they dismiss him, he will go his way, and we can get back to our normal lives. Have either of you sat down to talk with him?”

Ezio and Othello shake their heads when Ezio responds. “No, but that is why we’ve returned.” He says. “We would like a few words with the man.”

“Oh, no doubt your charm will win him over.” Xander says. “You’re such a winsome and compelling figure.”

Ezio gives a scornful look back at Xander.

“There it is.” Xander teases. “There’s the Ezio I know and love.”

“Stop it, both of you!” Othello demands. “You’re acting like a couple of drama queens.”

“Yes… you’re right.” Xander responds to Othello. He then addresses Ezio. “Well, what are we waiting for, princess?” Xander then pats Ezio on head and moves toward the crowd.

As a mob of students press up against them, Paul, Silas and Timothy look at one another and marvel at the level of interest.

Calling out from the crowd, a voice says. “This is very fascinating. So, exactly how do you verify that what you are saying has any notion of validity?

Taken aback, Paul looks up from those in front of him to see an individual slowly approach.

“I have seen the risen Lord myself.” Paul responds and begins to trace back to his previous line of thought.

Clearing his throat, the man shouts out for all to hear. “So… was this an apparition, a vision? Or did the two of you sit down for some wine and conversation?”

The crowd laughs at this.

Unphased by the question, Paul looks at the man and asks, “Do you ask in genuine interest, or do you wish to simply mock?”

Suddenly sensing the tension, the crowd divides, leaving a direct path between the two men.

The man looks around to see he has gained the attention of the crowd. “We’re reasonable people here. I suspect you are not from here, since you come with some fairly foreign ideas.” He says. “Let’s just say, I ask with a manner of protectiveness.”

“Yes, yes.” Paul responds dismissively. “I am well aware of your business interests.”

“Please forgive my intrusive friend.” Ezio speaks up, as he steps next to Xander. “He can be a bit… off putting.” 

Xander shoots Ezio a warning.

Ezio gestures to further quiet the man next to him. “You’ve had your moment in the sun, Icarus.” He whispers. “Don’t you find it ironic to advertise being a man who celebrates himself as being free from passion, only to find yourself… well, here, in front of everyone, stuck in your rage, and looking like a fool. How embarrassing!”

Ezio quickly glances at a now fuming Xander and turns back to Paul. Clearing his throat, he says. “These indeed are very different ideas you’ve been sharing with this crowd over the past several days–a crowd that seems very interested in what you have to offer. As you might have already discovered, we’re a curious bunch here in Athens. In fact, we have a place where we go just to share such new ideas.” Ezio looks over Paul’s shoulder and points up to the Parthenon a few hundred feet away. “You can see the Acropolis right over there. But, look to the hill to the right. Do you see that rock outcropping just above those buildings? That’s where philosophers and thought leaders regularly gather to share their thoughts. I have little doubt that they would benefit from hearing you. Would you consider joining us there?”

Guiding the three up the steps etched into the rock, Ezio explains. “This big piece of rock is where it all happens here in Athens. This is not only where philosophers, religious and thought leaders come alike to share their ideas, this is also the place where civic matters are discussed and debated. It’s also the place where court is held. Justices will hear and rule on criminal and civil cases alike. There is no telling what each day might bring here on the hallowed hill of Ares.”

They take their final steps to reveal the craggy top of the rock and the city beyond. 

Paul looks around to see clusters of people gathered in different locations on the rock. “Wow!” He quietly exclaims to both Timothy and Silas. “This is different, isn’t it.”

The two nod without saying anything.

Ezio continues with his tour. “Watch your step, gentlemen. It’s easy to get your sandals stuck between these rocks.” He says. Ezio steps carefully and finds a suitable place to position himself before continuing. “Just over there, as you can see, court is in session. There’s always one or two judges available throughout each day to rule on cases.” Ezio waves at a judge who acknowledges him and gets back to the case in front of him.

“That’s Dionysius.” Ezio says. “Some hate it when he presides. Say he goes too slow.” He pauses for a moment. “Personally, I like the fact that he doesn’t rush to judgment but carefully works through all the angles.”

Hearing laughter within earshot, Silas perks up and asks. “What’s going on over there?”

Ezio points over a small ridge and smiles. “Yes, come with me. That’s where I wanted to take you.”

Stepping up towards the top of the ridge, the four come upon a large cluster of individuals seated around a central figure who has their attention. 

“Now, this group.” Ezio explains. “This is the group I was telling you about. Athenians are always curious about new thought, so as you can see, this group gets pretty large.”

Timothy whispers into Silas’ ear. “Do people actually work here?”

Hearing Timothy’s whisper, Ezio smiles and responds. “Some do. Yes.” He says. “Some are sponsored… or commissioned.” 

“Commissioned?” Timothy asks.

“Yes.” Ezio says. “They’re paid to be philosophers or thought leaders.”

“Really?” Timothy asks. 

“Yes.” Ezio says while looking critically at Timothy. “Oh, and please do educate me. What do you do for work? Are you here as a merchant?”

Paul smiles over at Timothy and raises his eyebrows. “Yes, Timothy… What do you do for work?”

“Hmmm.” Ezio smirks and says. “These thought leaders shape the culture here in Athens and beyond. Even the Romans can’t think of anything new, so they steal their ideas from these philosophical bums. Small wonder they are in charge of anything worthwhile, the savage thugs.”

Catching himself, Ezio looks at the three and asks. “Well, shall we join these societal leeches?” 

Paul pats Timothy on the shoulder, as they move up onto the ridge.

We’re going to stop here for today…

Teaching in both the synagogues as well as in the marketplaces throughout Athens, Paul grows his audience, as he shares the resurrection of the God/man, Jesus. Paul’s witness struck a chord with this audience from the marketplace. But, those in the agoras weren’t the thought leaders of Athens or the known world. No, the thought leaders sat and discussed life issues at the Areopagus, or the hill of Ares. You may know it as Mars Hill. 

So, upon hearing such a foreign set of ideas about the God/man, Jesus, professional philosophers such as the Stoics or Epicureans took note of Paul’s preaching. These thought leading philosophers were partly curious, but they were also partly concerned. 

On one hand, these philosophers wanted to better understand what Paul was teaching. First, he was advocating the workings of a monotheistic God, which would have contrasted from common polytheistic thinking in the day. “Only one god? How absurd is that?” Many would have thought. 

While understanding that the gods were beyond the grasp of humanity, Greeks believed these gods to be faulty and limited in their scope and capacity. Furthermore, Greeks saw the gods as disinterested in the affairs of humanity, so to hear that God would become a man… that would be the ultimate condescension. How weak and needy must a god be to concern himself with the affairs of human rabble?

As an important side note, some of these philosophers were naturalists and didn’t really believe in the polytheistic beliefs held by the general populace. Yes, receiving a fair amount of social pressure to honor the variety of deities out there, these philosophers would play nice and give homage to whatever god that needed to be worshiped at any given home, reception, business transaction, bath house, etc. But that doesn’t mean they actually believed in them.

While Stoics might have attributed the governing force of the “Logos” to Zeus as its creator–we might refer to this concept as “reason” or “wisdom”–not all Stoics gave much attention to the origins of the Logos. They were much more interested in the way how rational and objective thinking played out in everyday life. 

Furthermore, while Stoics might have passed on the hyper religious folklore that permeated the minds of most of the citizenry of the day, they were quite happy with the progress they made, especially with how many Greeks adopted the tenets of Stoicism for living out their lives. Like many of us, Greeks left room for both religious and naturalistic thinking, and this was commonplace throughout the Roman empire. 

As another important side note, the apostle John captured the attention of those who subscribed to Stoic thinking by attributing the “Logos” to the God who became man. John wrote about how all the wisdom of God had been incarnated in this single human being and has flowed out from him. 

In the beginning was the Word (Logos), and the Word (Logos) was with God, and the Word (Logos) was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things came into being through Him, and apart from Him nothing came into being that has come into being. 

— John 1:1-3

For those Stoic minded individuals who saw the Logos as something graced from Zeus to humanity, John definitely turned heads with this writing, saying that all credit goes to the God of the Jews who sent his one and only Son to redeem mankind.

Just as John was turning heads later on when he wrote his gospel, Paul is garnering the attention of those who uphold Zeus in such high esteem. If Zeus isn’t real, then the Logos couldn’t have flowed out from him. So while Paul references Zeus in his Mars Hill sermon–we’ll address that next time–he uses these references as a springboard to introduce the God of the Jews who supernaturally proved his existence by raising the man Jesus from the dead.

For the Stoics who have made a living from their training, can you imagine how they might feel threatened by Paul’s sudden arrival and teachings at the marketplace? Paul’s ideas likely infringed upon the livelihoods of these existing philosophers who had lost some of their own followers to him. Understandably, this wouldn’t have set well for these philosophers. 

So, what happens when we feel threatened by something we don’t yet fully understand? We circle the wagons and become territorial. While some were immediately dismissive of Paul’s teachings, his “idle babblings,” others were still curious to learn more about him. Furthermore, getting Paul in front of the scholars on Mars Hill would have allowed a greater level of scrutiny to be employed. If anyone was able to poke holes in Paul’s teaching, it would have been these guys.

Both curiosity and territorialism seem to be the underlying motivations for getting Paul to speak up on Mars Hill. 

What happens when we’re confronted with something new and feel threatened? What are three unintended consequences that emerge within us when feeling threatened? Moreover, how do we deal with it?

We circle the wagons: When confronted with an unfamiliar idea, especially as it gains traction, we may tend to bypass any perceived benefit and look immediately at what we stand to lose. 

As humans, our natural response when threatened is to protect against loss at all costs. Self-preservation and self-protection are at the forefront of human instinct. When anything that has been gained by us is now threatened–business interests, retirement savings, relationships and family growth–much like the philosophers in Athens, the synagogues in Thessalonica, or the temple attendees and teachers in Jerusalem, who felt threatened by the teachings of Jesus, we will circle our own wagons without regard to what God might be doing.

That said, we also have the Logos, the incarnation of all reason and wisdom into one man, the God/man Jesus. So, when we see the world around us rapidly move away from the wisdom that sources from Jesus, we also may tend to circle the wagons, again because we feel threatened by the possibility of loss.

But, we’re not called to circle the wagons. We’re called to be salt and light.

We vilify the threat: When we feel threatened, it’s not uncommon to feel trapped in a corner. Anxiety goes up, and so does our insecurity. Consequently, we may feel like the world is against us, and that those around us wouldn’t blink an eye if something terrible were to happen to us. 

So, what do we do? We come out swinging, or we run, hide and avoid the conflict altogether, often to become passive aggressive in our approach. We simply want the conflict to go away, so we might give way to slander and say harmful things about those who threaten us. We use those who are often peacemakers as pawns and try to get them to side with us. We’ll further vilify those who might see things differently and see them as not only enemies of us but enemies of God. 

Our mode of fighting will eventually implode. It always does. Relationships are often soured when we vilify others. Eventually, even the peacemakers around us will distance themselves, which only fuels our insecurities.

We might even find ourselves scheming to get rid of the perceived problem, thinking through more elaborate plans to oust the individual(s) who pose such threats. 

But, we’re not called to vilify others. We’re called to be salt and light.

We don’t see what God is doing: Let me point to the obvious. If we’re obsessed with self-preservation, we simply cannot and will not see God at work within us or around us. We’re too busy licking our wounds and focusing on our own losses to see God do anything of value.

Only when we are salt and light will we then see what God is doing. So, what is to be our response? How do we deal with our natural inclination to be self-preserving? Let us look no further than the words of the Incarnate Logos himself… Jesus, who keeps us focused on what’s really important, the need to be under the blessing of God.

  • “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
  • “Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted.
  • “Blessed are the gentle, for they shall inherit the earth.
  • “Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied.
  • “Blessed are the merciful, for they shall receive mercy.
  • “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.
  • “Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God.
  • “Blessed are those who have been persecuted for the sake of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
  • “Blessed are you when people insult you and persecute you, and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of Me. Rejoice and be glad, for your reward in heaven is great; for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.

“You are the salt of the earth; but if the salt has become tasteless, how can it be made salty again? It is no longer good for anything, except to be thrown out and trampled under foot by men. “You are the light of the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hidden; nor does anyone light a lamp and put it under a basket, but on the lampstand, and it gives light to all who are in the house. Let your light shine before men in such a way that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father who is in heaven.

— Matthew 5:3-14

To add, may we be in line with the thinking of David, the psalmist. Here’s a guy who well understood how the world was truly out to get him. He was the man with all the power, and when you hold a position of power, there are always those who will be gunning for you.

It’s easy to allow insecurity to get the best of us. So, we’ll circle the wagons, and we’ll seek to vilify others. And, in doing so, we fail to see what God is up to and how he might make use of us. So… what do we do in circumstances like these?

Let’s focus on what David focused on some three thousand years ago.

Vindicate me, O LORD, for I have walked in my integrity, And I have trusted in the LORD without wavering. Examine me, O LORD, and try me; Test my mind and my heart. For Your lovingkindness is before my eyes, And I have walked in Your truth. I do not sit with deceitful men, Nor will I go with pretenders. I hate the assembly of evildoers, And I will not sit with the wicked. I shall wash my hands in innocence, And I will go about Your altar, O LORD, That I may proclaim with the voice of thanksgiving And declare all Your wonders. O LORD, I love the habitation of Your house And the place where Your glory dwells. Do not take my soul away along with sinners, Nor my life with men of bloodshed, In whose hands is a wicked scheme, And whose right hand is full of bribes. But as for me, I shall walk in my integrity; Redeem me, and be gracious to me. My foot stands on a level place; In the congregations I shall bless the LORD.

— David (Ps 26)

What was good for David is also good for us. What was good for Jesus is also good for us. Can I encourage you to take some time with this Psalm and words of Jesus, in Matthew 5, to help you, and me, to stand on level ground and trust that God will 1) relieve you from your insecurity, 2) be the source of your well being, and 3) walk you through these times of hardship by helping you see Him at work.

Instead of becoming territorial when threatened, may you experience the liberty of seeing like God, being used by God, and being upheld by God.

With that, let’s move forward… together.

The God Life (Paul in Athens)

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Silas and Timothy catch up with Paul who has already made an impression in Athens.

Acts 17:16-19, Joshua 24:15, Luke 16:13, Mark 10:45, Ephesians 4:15-16

“You want to take a break right now?” Timothy asks, while gesturing over a hill. “But… we’re almost there.”

Looking in the direction where Timothy is pointing, Silas only sees more hills. He looks back at Timothy and shakes his head. “Seriously?” He asks with a hint of sarcasm. 

“No.” Timothy says mischievously. “This time I mean it.” He climbs up a small berm to get a better view of the valley ahead. “There it is. I can even see the sea in the distance.”

“Fine.” Silas grumbles. “Just give me a couple of minutes.”

Changing the subject, Timothy comments, “I hear Athens is a huge city. Have you ever been there?”

Silas grunts as he sits. He then leans over to pick up a stick and begins removing some of its offshoots. Stretching out his neck, he finally replies, “This entire trip is an uncharted adventure for me. I was just hanging out with the guys in Jerusalem before making this expedition. In retrospect…” He wonders aloud. “I haven’t been much of anywhere.”

Timothy nods and asks. “Do you think it will be easy to find Paul once we get there?”

Silas chuckles and says, “Shouldn’t be too hard. We just need to look for an angry mob chasing after a little bald guy.”

“Othello!” a man calls out from behind him.

Showing little interest in the distraction, Othello continues to instruct his small group.

The voice calls out again, though this time it’s much louder and not far away. “Othello.”

Othello rolls his eyes but remains dedicated to the young men in front of him. “The issue in this matter is that the husband abandoned all reason in this moment of unrestrained…”

Now immediately behind him, the man calls out while tapping him on the shoulder. “Othello!”

“What, Ezio, what!?!” Othello snaps as he abruptly turns to face him. “What can you possibly want right now while I’m teaching? You’re like a gnat that hovers around my nose and ears. You just won’t go away.”

Ezio steps back. “Tsk, tsk, my good Stoic friend…” He says. “So much for maintaining virtue in your moment of unbridled passion.”

The group around them laughs.

“So controlled, you Stoics.” Ezio muses. “Small wonder the city doesn’t swarm to hear your every word.”

Othello sighs and asks, “What do you want?” 

Assessing the group, Ezio replies, “Would you excuse us for a moment, gentlemen? We’ll be but a minute.” Grabbing Othello by the shoulder, Ezio then says. “Walk with me. I want you to see something happening right now.”

“What are you doing…” Othello says.

“Look.” Ezio begins. “I realize we have different takes on our worlds, but you and I are in the same business, yes?”

“Yeah.” Othello agrees. “But…”

Ezio interrupts. “You and I are both sponsored, so I think we may wish to keep an eye on anything that might threaten our business. Agreed?”

Othello shakes his head and says, “Ezio, I don’t think about it that way.”

“I know, you’re altruistic and pure.” Ezio dryly responds, as they walk towards what appears to be a crowd in the distance. “Yet you happily take a paycheck, yes?”

“Yes, but…” Othello begins before they find themselves standing behind a crowd. Now distracted by the mess of people around them, Othello gestures to Ezio and asks. “What is this? What’s happening here?”

“This…” Ezio gestures in return. “…is our problem.”

“What are you talking about?” Othello asks. “What does this have to do with us?”

“Look more carefully, Othello.” Ezio responds. “Who do you see gathered here?”

Unable to make out the teacher from the midst of the crowd, Othello then begins to carefully look at those who make up the crowd. “Wait.” He says. “Isn’t that a pupil of yours?”

“My faith in you as an observant man has been restored.” Ezio responds with a smirk.

“There’s another one of yours…” Othello keeps studying the crowd. “Wait… what’s he doing here?”

Ezio smiles, as Othello begins to realize that he isn’t the only one losing out.

“There’s another.” Othello counts. “And another. What are my proteges doing here? They were scheduled to be with me today.”

“And there’s the rub.” Ezio says with an eyebrow raised.

Othello stares in disbelief. “These are some of my best students.”

“Were… my friend. Were.” Ezio retorts.

Finally, Othello turns over to Ezio and asks. “What is happening here? Why are we losing students to this teacher?” He then looks deeper into Ezio’s eyes and asks. “What is he teaching?”

“All in good time.” Ezio responds. “All in good time.”

“I like to sit here while I eat.” Paul, says after breaking off a small piece of bread smothered in olive oil. Chewing, he takes in the activity in the marketplace around them and continues. “From what I can tell… this is where all the action is.”

Silas elbows Timothy and says, “See, I told you we wouldn’t have a problem finding this guy.”

Timothy smiles and says, “Yes… you said it. But, I was half expecting to arrive and see Paul fleeing out from the city gates with a thousand men chasing after him.”

Paul laughs and slyly replies, “You’re early. Just wait until Sabbath.”

“Have you been to any of the synagogues yet?” Silas asks.

Pointing with his head in a general direction, Paul says with a full mouth, “Yeah. On one hand, they were pretty civil towards me. Like I said, nobody has run me out of town… yet.” He chews and begins to wonder why. “But they’re different here.” He continues. “It’s like the Jews and Greek converts here are accustomed to… many worldly points of view. Pretty subdued… thoughtful, but subdued. Not the passionate type like we’ve seen before in Thessaloniki or Berea.” 

The three sit, chew and observe the activity happening all around them. 

“By the way, Timothy.” Paul continues. “I still need an update from you with what’s happening in Thessaloniki.”

“Yeah?” Timothy responds. “You going to stick around long enough for me to share?”

“Touchet.” Paul responds with a laugh. “People are just… different here then they are in Thessaloniki. It’s like they hear so many crazy ideas and perspectives that folks feed off of anything that’s new. They will rush to teachers who have new ideas, drink in all of what they have to offer… But then they get bored and move on to the next new idea. That’s what happened just yesterday. I had a huge crowd gathered around me to hear more about Jesus, but will they return? I have no idea. Even if they’re hungry for more, it’s only for a little while. Why? Because they’ll eventually look for something new again and run off to learn from those teachers… for a time. I almost feel like my teaching is seen as some sort of commodity for these people. That’s it.” Paul reasons aloud. “I’m like a merchant… or a form of entertainment for them.” 

“Do they have too many options?” Silas asks.

Paul touches his nose. “Yes!” He says. “I think that’s part of it. Too many variant interests to distract them from being committed to any one idea.” Paul further mulls. “I wonder what would happen with any of the believers here when life takes a difficult turn? Would they abandon ship, take up another interest, or would they stay the course and continue after Jesus at all costs? In Thessaloniki, they have been severely persecuted, but that has served as a fire to remove the unwanted gunk from their faith. Here? I just don’t know. It’s pretty much ‘live and let live’, and like a drunk that can’t stay away from his next bottle, they move on to their next enticement. It’s like they’re addicted to anything new.”

Shaking his head in confusion, Paul turns to Timothy and says, “Timothy, before I say anything more, please tell me what has happened in Thessaloniki.”

“Another low turnout today, hmmm?” Ezio asks Othello, who appears defeated. “Alas… for me as well.” He says with a sigh.

“I’m a little at a loss for what to do here. What is inspiring our own tried and true to follow him instead of us?” Othello asks. 

“Tried and true?” Ezio laughs at this. “This is Athens…” He quips and then changes the subject. “Do you know what he’s teaching?”

“A little,” Othello confesses. “I have heard a few ideas so far.” 

“Okay.” Ezio says, encouraging him to go on.

“He teaches about a strange god, the Jewish god.” Othello says.

“Good grief!” Ezio sighs. “He’s Jewish.”

“Well, kinda.” Othello says. “He’s teaching about the god of the Jews, but he keeps on sharing, as if something just happened. How just a few years back, this Jewish god… became a man. He says this god/man performed many miracles, while teaching around Jerusalem and that part of the world.

“Superstition and supernatural!” Ezio exclaims with fatigue in his voice. “How much longer do we need to raise the facade about all of these made up gods?”

Othello laughs. “Made up gods? Tell that to your sponsors who chase after these made up gods.” Othello says, while pointing at Ezio’s chest. “No, but what he’s teaching is far different than anything I’ve ever heard come from the Greeks… or the Jews. He shared how this god/man was being offered to rescue the Jews but that the Jews rejected him… and killed him.”

“I don’t get it.” Ezio smirks and comments. “His own people had him killed, huh? What kind of god can’t overcome the passions of man? Doesn’t sound like much of a god at all. Even as a man, it doesn’t sound like he lasted very long.”

“Something like that.” Othello says. “But that’s not the craziest part. This teacher is claiming that this god/man has been raised from the dead and is now alive again.”

“Really? Interesting.” Ezio says, as his eyes get wider. “So, is this guy saying he met this god/man?”

“I don’t know.” Othello says.

“Is he saying that this immortal god/man is still in Jerusalem, hanging out around the Jewish temple?” Ezio asks.

“Again,” Othello shares. “I don’t know.”

“Curious.” Ezio wonders aloud. “The god/man defies death and lives among his people. You’re right, Othello. This is quite different than what we’ve heard from the Jews.”

We’re going to stop here for today.

While Paul was making headway in Athens, he realized that his preaching wasn’t getting quite the same traction–or rejection–as it had in other cities. While many showed interest, they didn’t seem to stick around for long. Why? Too many options? Too many offerings that would easily lure people away before getting into the deeper matters of faith? Was Athens a culture that has become obsessed with whatever is modern and new? Or maybe… Athens was an academic culture, ever prodding and poking at an impartial distance. “Yes, I’m deeply interested in learning about this God of the Jews.” One might offer. “But, not enough to get my hands dirty.”

Whatever the cause, Athens would not become an epicenter of the Christian faith. At least, not for another 70 or so years.

This Athens attitude has permeated itself throughout Western Europe over the past two centuries. It has also made its way stateside, as we have undergone our own turbulent 70+ year cultural shift. While there are so many reasons that factor into the cultural changes that have taken place here in America, we have nonetheless come to regard Christ followers–and Christendom as a whole–as yet another interest group to consider…a commodity to be consumed.

From the perspective of those outside of the church, they may find themselves asking, “What does your church offer that my interest group over here doesn’t? I can find literally thousands of travel clubs, woodworkers clubs, RV clubs, book clubs, ski clubs, work communities, etc, that offer fun community environments, activities, opportunities for personal growth, skillset development, etc… just like a church.”

What’s so special then about the church that it can offer me anything worth my time?

If framed this way, we may not be able to come up with a great response. So we need to make some key assumptions about what the church is and what it means to enter into a life with God, The God Life. Assuming the church is the bridge between humanity and God, assuming that the church has been created to be the current representation of God in the world around us–which is, by the way, how Jesus set things up–what do we need to consider when we desire to connect with God? What does it take to enter into the God Life and what will keep us from doing so.

Here are two thoughts to consider.

We’re saved to serve 

“The church isn’t meeting my needs.” We may find ourselves saying or thinking this when we’re frustrated from time to time. Maybe it’s a boring sermon, or maybe we aren’t fond of the music. Maybe we’ve been ignored or our ideas have been bypassed. Whatever the reason, we use this as an excuse to keep from getting involved. So, we condition our participation based on how much satisfaction we think we might get out of something. If this is the attitude, then the church is little more than an interest group.

But that’s not the God life. 

Unfortunately, serving habits aren’t formed from thinking that way. What’s more is that we will occupy ourselves with other things that have little eternal significance, and in going after them, we miss out on the God life.

Make no mistake, we always serve something, and in most cases we serve our self interests at the peril of others around us. But, God has other ideas about how we should carry out our lives. To enter into “the God life” requires that we put aside our own interests and serve him alone. Only in doing so, will we be freed to begin living as we have been designed to live. To enter into the God life, we must choose whom we serve.

But if you refuse to serve the LORD, then choose today whom you will serve. Would you prefer the gods your ancestors served beyond the Euphrates? Or will it be the gods of the Amorites in whose land you now live? But as for me and my family, we will serve the LORD.”

— Joshua 24:15

“No one can serve two masters. For you will hate one and love the other; you will be devoted to one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and money.”

— Luke 16:13

Or… insert self serving interest in exchange for the word “money.” So, we either choose to “live for God” and trust that He will open a new way of experiencing life by faith, that is “the God life.” Or, we continue to serve ourselves and miss out on “the God life.”

Granted, there are leaders out there who are better at empowering folks to engage and get more involved than others. Nevertheless, we’re saved to serve. We have been saved to serve within the body of Christ, God’s family. That’s what the church is to be… a body of people who serve Christ-directed goals. Jesus, the God/man, you know redeemer and hope for all humanity, made serving his priority.

“For even the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve others and to give his life as a ransom for many.”

— Mark 10:45

So, serving should be the same priority for us.

And so, dear brothers and sisters, I plead with you to give your bodies to God because of all he has done for you. Let them be a living and holy sacrifice—the kind he will find acceptable. This is truly the way to serve him. Don’t copy the behavior and customs of this world, but let God transform you into a new person by changing the way you think. Then you will learn to know God’s will for you, which is good and pleasing and perfect.

— Romans 12:1-2

In fact, should we choose to live “the God life,” we enter into a world where we see that serving one another is not only a good thing, we see it as something we long to do because we’re being used by God.

For you have been called to live in freedom, my brothers and sisters. But don’t use your freedom to satisfy your sinful nature. Instead, use your freedom to serve one another in love.

— Galatians 5:13

Want to experience life as God has designed? Want to see God work in you? Want to have “the God life?” Serve. Want to get out of your depression and isolated funk? Serve. Want to make an eternal impact on those who have yet to be transformed by Jesus? Serve. Because you have been saved to do just that.

Serving unlocks the doors to seeing others as God sees them. Serving others swings open the gates to a future journey with God. Serving others moves us into “the God life.”

We’re 21st Century Jesus

To be sure, the church is about community, but it’s so much more than that. The church is about each of us coming together to reveal Jesus on the earth. We are contributing members of the family of God. Much like a body has contributing members/systems to function in a healthy way, so does the family of God. It’s not by accident that Paul teaches how the church is like a body.

Just as our bodies have many parts and each part has a special function, so it is with Christ’s body. We are many parts of one body, and we all belong to each other.

— Romans 12:4-5

All of you together are Christ’s body, and each of you is a part of it.

— 1 Corinthians 12:27

Made up of many unique members serving in unique roles, we see the body functioning together, united under the leadership of Christ.

Instead, we will speak the truth in love, growing in every way more and more like Christ, who is the head of his body, the church. He makes the whole body fit together perfectly. As each part does its own special work, it helps the other parts grow, so that the whole body is healthy and growing and full of love.

— Ephesians 4:15-16

While one function of a family is to protect and extend care amongst its members, it also functions as a catalyst for inspiration, modeling, instruction, and empowerment for its members to function as God desires. When the church is healthy, it discovers and places the parts of the body into the right roles so as to show the world Jesus in the 21st Century.

Yes, the church has other functions to it, but I think you get the idea. To enter into “the God life” requires a commitment to serve Jesus and participation in the family of God, so that we may reveal Jesus today in the 21st Century. The God life awaits you.

If you’re not plugged into a local fellowship, please consider joining us on Monday nights. We are a family of believers who want to experience “the God life” by revealing Jesus here in the 21st Century.

May you experience the God life as God has designed for us before the foundations of the world. May you be a part of a family of Christ followers who are devoted to serving one another and the world around them. With that, let’s move forward… together.

The Good Seed (Paul in Athens)

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Paul has been secretly escorted out of Berea all the way to Athens, some 315 miles to the south. Arriving in Athens, Paul discovers how cosmopolitan the city is, filled with very different ways of thinking. 

Acts 17:15-34, Matthew 13:24-30

With dramatic flair, Sopater gestures through the city gates and towards the Panathenaic diagonal. “Welcome to Athens.” He says.

Without a word, the three men walk along the central corridor leading to the Agora, each contemplating the legendary history of this city that now surrounds them. 

“Now what happens?” Sopater asks. 

“Now, we eat.” Paul replies. 

“Finally.” Sopater says with a smile. “I was hoping you would say that.”

Seated along the steps beneath the Stoa of Attalos, the three take in the sights of the city and vegetation around them. 

Pointing towards a nearby columned gate, Paul asks: “What is that over there?”

Both Sopater and Nari look up from their bread to see where Paul is pointing.

“Oh… that’s the Gate of Athena.” Nari says with a mouthful. 

Directing Paul’s attention to another nearby building, Sopater says. “See that octagon shaped tower over there?” 

Paul nods.

“That’s the Tower of the Winds.” Sopater replies. 

Paul raises his eyebrows and shrugs: “What’s it used for?” He asks.

Sopater and Nari look at each other for answers, but neither are sure.

“I think it was built so some guys could study the stars.” Nari suggests. 

Paul contemplates for a moment, then says. “This is the city of all cities, isn’t it?”

“Yeah.” Sopater replies. He then shakes his head and asks, “What do you mean?”

Paul chuckles and says, “I mean, Athens is an ancient city. It’s the hub of all contemporary thought. It’s where academics and thought leaders alike have gathered to share intellectual ideas for centuries.”

Not knowing what to say, the two nod their heads.

“From the dawn of humanity, men have gathered here to figure out the purpose of life… to discover why we’re here.” Paul further absorbs the scene in front of him while verbalizing his thoughts. “Here, they have placed their interests in the study of religion, philosophy, rhetoric, oratory, law and politics, mathematics, arts, medicine and science.” 

As Paul speaks, the three take a moment to observe a pod of students clamoring about their professor as they walk nearby.

Paul then faces the other two men and says, “Don’t you see. People who live here are hungry for learning. They want to know how life works, and that’s good. But, my initial impression– based on the myriads of temples and statues dedicated to false idols–is that these people, in their wise thinking, have rejected the invisible qualities of the real God who created the universe and everything in it. Instead, it’s pretty evident they have chosen to engage in the never ending, never satisfying pursuit of philosophical speculation. The very presence of these bogus religious pursuits is a good indicator of this.” Paul says, as he shakes his head in frustration. “Guys, believing themselves to be enlightened, the irony is that they will never find what they’re looking for.”

Nari and Sopater look over at the group of ducklings that cling to every move made by their mother, allowing for Paul’s words to simmer in their minds.

“So, what happens next?” Nari finally asks. 

“Yeah, that’s the question, isn’t it.” Paul responds, as if coming to out from a daydream. He then stands and brushes the breadcrumbs off of his garment. “Well, I’m sure you need to start your way back in the morning, but first can you show me the nearby synagogues? I need to get a better sense of how the city is laid out. As for these agoras… I definitely want to spend more time here.” Paul continues to study his surroundings. Finally, he says. “I think it would be good to have both Silas and Timothy here with me. When you get back to Berea, please send them this way as quickly as possible.”

The marketplace swells with activity as the morning continues. Observing shoppers and merchants engage with one another, ever haggling over price and value, Paul smiles and wonders to himself: “I suspect this sort of activity happens in every market place in every city around the world. Merchants offer, shoppers look; merchants heighten the value, shoppers point out the flaws… negotiations then take place, and they agree somewhere in the middle, each thinking they got the better end of the deal.”

Not seeing the group coming from behind, a young man accidentally brushes up against Paul.

“Oh, I’m sorry.” Says the young man. 

Paul turns around and says to him, “No problem, my…” He then notices how the young man is with the group of other young proteges walking along with their teacher.

“Excuse me,” Paul says. 

The young man looks back at Paul to give him his attention.

“I’m new here.” Paul shares. “But, I’m really curious to know what you and your group here are doing? I’ve seen a number of similar groups milling about the marketplace, and it appears that you are pupils?”

The young man nods in affirmation. “Yes.” He says, as he points over at his group walking away from them. “We often will walk and learn this way. It’s far more real to life than just sitting in a classroom, you know?”

“Oh.” Paul says. “I don’t want to keep you from your group, but I’m also curious to know what you’re studying?”

“It’s okay,” as the young man begins to step backwards away from Paul and back to his group. “We’re learning about life.” He says.

“Philosophy?” Paul calls out.

“Epicureanism.” The young man yells back.

After returning to the marketplace day after day, Paul finds himself seated along the same steps at the base of the Stoa of Attalos–ever fascinated by the various groups that rhythmically meet up for each day’s lessons with their respective teachers. 

Noticing the same young man from a few days back, Paul makes eye contact and nods.

The young man waves back and approaches.

“Epicurus.” Paul speaks out. “You’re here early. Here for today’s session?”

The young man laughs at this, and says, “Well, it’s Alexander actually, and yes, I am here for today’s instruction.

“It’s good to see you again.” Paul replies. “So, how long have you been involved with this group? Do you like it?”

“Oh, very much so.” Alexander replies. “I’m learning so much.” He says. 

“That’s good.” Paul muses. “Any idea what today’s lesson is on?”

“Not completely.” Alexander says. “But, we’ve been tackling some some pretty involved subjects as of late.”

“Oh?” Paul asks.

“Yeah.” Alexander says. “But they’re built off of other principles, so it’s a little hard for me to explain just yet.” He scratches his head and continues. “You seem awfully interested in this.”

“I am.” Paul says. “I think I mentioned that I’m new to Athens, right? While I’ve seen discipling pods in other cities, I haven’t seen nearly as many as I see take place right here. Moreover, I just find it fascinating to see that there are so many different pods with different focis. Just before you came, I saw a group of Stoics form up and take off together. Yesterday, I noticed a bunch of religious groups gather, and the day before yesterday, I saw groups focused on the arts and other philosophies.”

Alexander laughs at this. “Yeah, Athens is a bit eclectic that way.”

“For sure!” Paul laughs and says. “So, what happens when the groups disagree with each other?”

“What do you mean?” Alexander asks. “That happens all the time.”

“I mean.” Paul replies. “Each group has its professor whose aim is to guide you towards truth as it relates to life, right?”

“Yes.” Alexander replies. “That is the goal, but some offer better explanations than others.”

Paul laughs. “Yeah, I believe that,” He says. “I mentioned seeing the Stoics earlier today, and they seemed pretty confident that their truth is real truth.”

Alexander starts shaking his head at this. “Yeah, that does seem to be how they think.”

“Do you think they’re wrong?” Paul asks.

“Well.” Alexander catches himself. “There’s a lot of detail here that might require a fair amount of explanation to somebody who may not understand Epicureanism.”

“Ohhh, I see.” Paul replies. “Would you contend that the Logos is not the overarching force that governs the universe and all reason?”

“Wait!” Alexander says. “You’re a Stoic?”

“I am not.” Paul replies. 

“But you’re familiar with what the Stoics teach?” Alexander says, as he looks to see others from his group begin to arrive.

“I am.” Paul says in response. He continues: “Then I suspect you would contend that a life worth living is a life that avoids pain at all costs–that fear is unnecessarily caused by superstitious beliefs in the judgment that comes from the ever changing and capricious nature of the gods. The gods have no interest in humanity, right? So why pay them any attention? Human strife has thrived under the perpetual dark cloud of bad ideology, of faulty thinking. Moreover, human peace only comes to those who can rest from personal desire, as personal desire is what brings about longing, jealousy, and guilt for any negative responses that come from such longing.”

“Hey, Alex?” Another from his group calls out. “You coming?”

Without looking, Alexander waves off the individual and keeps his eyes focused in on Paul’s. “Who… are you?” He asks.

We’re going to stop here for today:

Paul arrives in Athens and gets a lay of the land. Athens was a different place. Not only was it considered one of the world’s most ancient of cities, it was also responsible for more contributions to the civilization of the ancient world more than any other city. From governmental infrastructure to civil works, architecture, and engineering feats, to culture and multiple expressions of the arts, to economics and entertainment, to sports and medicine, and to a great number of contributions from other fields of interest, ancient Athens was the epicenter of all civilized life. 

What did Paul need to know about how people thought while visiting the most philosophical and religious hot spot in the world?

If his goal was to successfully reach the people of Athens, he needed to know how they thought.

I would argue that in an effort to reach people here in America with the Good News about the Kingdom of Heaven, we likewise need to know how people think.

What do we need to know about current ways of thinking here in America? Some of you might quickly dismiss these as a radical shift that has only recently taken root, but these virtues have been on the minds of many influential thinkers and organizations for over a hundred years now. What we’re finally just beginning to see is a mainstream adaptation to these ideals throughout our nation, especially among the up and coming generations. So what are these “newer” ways of thinking? Furthermore, what are the challenges we face as believers, especially when our job is still to be missional?

  1. Multiculturalism, diversity and inclusion are key values to Americans today. Whereas, less than fifty years ago, marriage was to be upheld at all costs, divorce was strongly discouraged, sexual and gender expression was significantly downplayed, and racial tensions were slowly easing in a more positive direction. Today, we see a fairly different world, in large thanks to the development of the internet. The world has become much, much smaller than ever before, now that we have virtual and fingertip access to just about every corner of the globe that wishes to share. This sharing world has opened the eyes of a younger generation that grew up with the internet, placing a high value on learning from others from different cultures here in the states and abroad, including both helpful and destructive ideas. 

Our challenge: Accompanying this mindset of muticulturalistic acceptance is the indifference in discovering absolute truth. Instead of living in a right vs. wrong mindset, today, we tend to think that “What’s right for you may not be right for me.” To add, because we take in more information, more entertainment than we ever have before, Americans put less thought into the idea of seeking truth. We simply don’t care about that. Today, we put a lot more of an emphasis on pursuing the thousands of other interests that have become available in the past twenty years. So… how do we encourage others to focus on Jesus when they’re already overcommitted?

  1. Environmental issues are also important and will become even more so in the near future. Wherever you might stand on the environment, this is another big issue for the coming generations that are living through some pretty curious and fearful times. I’m not trying to get into an argument about climate change, I’m simply pointing out that if we wish to reach people, we have to be sensitive to the issues that strike a nerve with them. Furthermore, it doesn’t make sense to be dismissive or poorly educated about an issue that generates so much passion. 

Our challenge: Know the issues, and begin thinking through how to sensibly respond to the issues so that you may talk about greater issues pertaining to the Kingdom of Heaven.

  1. Globalistic equality is a supreme goal for the up and coming generation. Along with multiculturalism comes this desire to live like others are living, not only personally but nationally. Living in Arizona for 25 years, I noticed how a conservative, “red” state has become more purple and blue over the years. On one hand, Arizonians see themselves as “Not Californians,” yet ironically, Arizona has adopted a number of California policies over the years. Maybe it’s from the many Californians who have moved there and have brought California with them. 

Our challenge: I raise the issue of Californians in Arizona as an example. Even though we have a constitution here in the US, the policies and solutions made by other nations have generated much appeal on our side to become much more like them. We figure, we have too much bureaucratic red tape to get anything done, so let’s change the way we do things. This feeling of bureaucratic red tape is definitely a reflection of how divided things are these days, especially amongst our two party system. Maybe it’s a grass is greener idealism without looking at the details and seeing how they realistically apply to our country. Nevertheless, the Californians have moved in, and Arizonians need to figure out how to move forward with their new neighbors. 

  1. Cultural and religious tolerance are not only to be condoned; they are to be embraced. This has become a major theme within the internet generation, and it does go along with multiculturalism, diversity and inclusion. Along with the welcoming of biological inclusion, that which we cannot control, has come the welcoming of behavioral inclusion, that which we can control. This is a highly sensitive issue, especially among believers who feel that their moral values, their sense of right vs. wrong, are being threatened by those who insist upon living how they want to live without question. Those who were once on the defense have now gathered enough leverage to take the offense and have changed the landscape.

Our challenge: In light that homosexuality is now an adopted norm; that sex outside of marriage is not only okay, it’s expected; that our culture, by and large, has forsaken all things Christian; How do we recognize that the world is no longer playing by our rules, and how do we operate within it as those belonging to the Kingdom of Heaven?

I realize that I haven’t given us much in the area of solutions, but I do think it’s an important hurdle to jump if we wish to keep the church alive in the United States. With a highly electric political climate right now, it’s hard not to enter into that realm. But, I maintain, that we need to live for the longhaul, as ambassadors of the Kingdom of Heaven, encouraging discussions much like Paul did at the grassroots level here in Athens. His discussions were not about politics. Instead, he aimed to get to the root of the matter of how individuals thought and why they did what they did. He aimed to introduce people into a new view of the world around them, a world where Jesus was at the very center of their thinking and living. 

In a real sense, Paul was sewing the good seed of the things of God into the minds of individuals. 

While there is much more to the parable of the Wheat and the Tares than what we can share here, I will say, the gist of the parable is that while God established the world as good, an enemy has come to distort what God had originally set up. Looking very similar to one another, good seeds have taken root… but, distorted seeds have moved in right next door to the good seeds. Instead of immediately dealing with the problem and endangering the further development of the good seeds, God will finally deal with the distorted seeds when he prepares to usher His Kingdom in. 

Jesus presented another parable to them, saying, “The kingdom of heaven may be compared to a man who sowed good seed in his field. But while his men were sleeping, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat, and went away. But when the wheat sprouted and bore grain, then the tares became evident also. The slaves of the landowner came and said to him, ‘Sir, did you not sow good seed in your field? How then does it have tares?’ And he said to them, ‘An enemy has done this!’ The slaves said to him, ‘Do you want us, then, to go and gather them up?’ But he said, ‘No; for while you are gathering up the tares, you may uproot the wheat with them. Allow both to grow together until the harvest; and in the time of the harvest I will say to the reapers, “First gather up the tares and bind them in bundles to burn them up; but gather the wheat into my barn.”’”

— Matthew 13:24-30

What does this all mean, Andy? Where are you taking us? Well, I guess I’m saying… The world we’re seeing emerge here in the US is not too different than the world Paul experienced right there in Athens. So, what did Paul do? He recognized the distorted seed for what it was and focused on planting the good seeds, believing that God would sort things out. What’s our takeaway?

  1. “Get used to it.” America is one generation away from looking even more radically different than it ever has before. If you think things are crazy now… just wait. I’m not saying we have to like it, but I am saying that we have to learn to be okay with this new normal and not let our snarkiness get in the way of how we interact with others. If you’re salty, figure out a way to positively work through this so that you’re identified as a “salt of the earth” sort of person and not a curmudgeon. 
  2. The distorted seed is not going away… that is, until Jesus returns. We just read it, didn’t we? We will continue to see distorted thinking and behaviors all around us, and while it doesn’t mean that we passively sit idly by and do nothing, it does mean that we need to be about the business of being ambassadors for the Kingdom of Heaven. God changes hearts. That’s his business. Our business is to speak and act on His behalf. Our unwillingness to talk about Jesus is our issue. Wanna see things change? Do what Paul did, recognize the flaws in various belief systems and positively direct people to Jesus as the ultimate satisfying solution.
  3. Invest in people… even the ones who behave in ways you don’t like. They’re people. While maybe distorted, you can still plant good seed and make an eternal difference in their lives. 

This is our calling. This is our job as Kingdom ambassadors. God has saved you to do good works, to be good seed, ever influencing others to know and love him.

For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand so that we would walk in them.

— Ephesians 2:10

May you continue as God’s ambassadors, as God’s good seed, ever proclaiming His goodness into the lives of others and helping them see what good things He wishes for them.

With that… let’s move forward together.